Rollup merge of rust-lang#88782 - asquared31415:issue-79559, r=cjgillot

Fix ICE when `start` lang item has wrong generics

In my previous pr rust-lang#87875 I missed the requirements on the `start` lang item due to its relative difficulty to test and opting for more conservative estimates.  This fixes that by updating the requirement to be exactly one generic type.

The `start` lang item should have exactly one generic type for the return type of the `main` fn ptr passed to it.  I believe having zero would previously *sometimes* compile (often with the use of `fn() -> ()` as the fn ptr but it was likely UB to call if the return type of `main` was not `()` as far as I know) however it also sometimes would not for various errors including ICEs and LLVM errors depending on exact situations.  Having more than 1 generic has always failed with an ICE because only the one generic type is expected and provided.

Fixes rust-lang#79559, fixes rust-lang#73584, fixes rust-lang#83117 (all duplicates)
Relevant to rust-lang#9307

r? ```@cjgillot```

compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ language_item_table! {
     Oom,                     sym::oom,                 oom,                        Target::Fn,             GenericRequirement::None;
     AllocLayout,             sym::alloc_layout,        alloc_layout,               Target::Struct,         GenericRequirement::None;
 
-    Start,                   sym::start,               start_fn,                   Target::Fn,             GenericRequirement::None;
+    Start,                   sym::start,               start_fn,                   Target::Fn,             GenericRequirement::Exact(1);
 
     EhPersonality,           sym::eh_personality,      eh_personality,             Target::Fn,             GenericRequirement::None;
     EhCatchTypeinfo,         sym::eh_catch_typeinfo,   eh_catch_typeinfo,          Target::Static,         GenericRequirement::None;

src/test/run-make-fulldeps/target-specs/foo.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ trait Sized {}
 auto trait Freeze {}
 
 #[lang = "start"]
-fn start(_main: *const u8, _argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+fn start<T>(_main: fn() -> T, _argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     0
 }
 

src/test/ui/lang-items/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-// Checks whether declaring a lang item with the wrong number
-// of generic arguments crashes the compiler (issue #83893, #87573, and part of #9307).
+// Checks that declaring a lang item with the wrong number
+// of generic arguments errors rather than crashing (issue #83893, #87573, part of #9307, #79559).
 
 #![feature(lang_items, no_core)]
 #![no_core]
-#![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 #[lang = "sized"]
 trait MySized {}
@@ -26,6 +25,14 @@ struct MyPhantomData<T, U>;
 //~^ ERROR parameter `T` is never used
 //~| ERROR parameter `U` is never used
 
+// When the `start` lang item is missing generics very odd things can happen, especially when
+// it comes to cross-crate monomorphization
+#[lang = "start"]
+//~^ ERROR `start` language item must be applied to a function with 1 generic argument [E0718]
+fn start(_: *const u8, _: isize, _: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+    0
+}
+
 fn ice() {
     // Use add
     let r = 5;
@@ -42,3 +49,6 @@ fn ice() {
     // Use phantomdata
     let _ = MyPhantomData::<(), i32>;
 }
+
+// use `start`
+fn main() {}

src/test/ui/lang-items/lang-item-generic-requirements.stderr

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 error[E0718]: `add` language item must be applied to a trait with 1 generic argument
-  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:11:1
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:10:1
    |
 LL | #[lang = "add"]
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 LL | trait MyAdd<'a, T> {}
    |            ------- this trait has 2 generic arguments
 
 error[E0718]: `drop_in_place` language item must be applied to a function with at least 1 generic argument
-  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:15:1
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:14:1
    |
 LL | #[lang = "drop_in_place"]
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -16,24 +16,33 @@ LL | fn my_ptr_drop() {}
    |               - this function has 0 generic arguments
 
 error[E0718]: `index` language item must be applied to a trait with 1 generic argument
-  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:19:1
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:18:1
    |
 LL | #[lang = "index"]
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 LL | trait MyIndex<'a, T> {}
    |              ------- this trait has 2 generic arguments
 
 error[E0718]: `phantom_data` language item must be applied to a struct with 1 generic argument
-  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:23:1
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:22:1
    |
 LL | #[lang = "phantom_data"]
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 LL |
 LL | struct MyPhantomData<T, U>;
    |                     ------ this struct has 2 generic arguments
 
+error[E0718]: `start` language item must be applied to a function with 1 generic argument
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:30:1
+   |
+LL | #[lang = "start"]
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL |
+LL | fn start(_: *const u8, _: isize, _: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+   |         - this function has 0 generic arguments
+
 error[E0392]: parameter `T` is never used
-  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:25:22
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:24:22
    |
 LL | struct MyPhantomData<T, U>;
    |                      ^ unused parameter
@@ -42,15 +51,15 @@ LL | struct MyPhantomData<T, U>;
    = help: if you intended `T` to be a const parameter, use `const T: usize` instead
 
 error[E0392]: parameter `U` is never used
-  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:25:25
+  --> $DIR/lang-item-generic-requirements.rs:24:25
    |
 LL | struct MyPhantomData<T, U>;
    |                         ^ unused parameter
    |
    = help: consider removing `U` or referring to it in a field
    = help: if you intended `U` to be a const parameter, use `const U: usize` instead
 
-error: aborting due to 6 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 7 previous errors
 
 Some errors have detailed explanations: E0392, E0718.
 For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0392`.

src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/def_id_nocore.rs

@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@ pub trait Copy {}
 pub unsafe trait Freeze {}
 
 #[lang = "start"]
-#[start]
-fn start(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+fn start<T>(_main: fn() -> T, _argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     0
 }
 
+fn main() {}
+
 struct A;
 
 impl A {

src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/def_id_nocore.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: methods called `as_*` usually take `self` by reference or `self` by mutable reference
-  --> $DIR/def_id_nocore.rs:26:19
+  --> $DIR/def_id_nocore.rs:27:19
    |
 LL |     pub fn as_ref(self) -> &'static str {
    |                   ^^^^