[SPARK-33770][SQL][TESTS] Fix the ALTER TABLE .. DROP PARTITION tes…

…ts that delete files out of partition path

Modify the tests that add partitions with `LOCATION`, and where the number of nested folders in `LOCATION` doesn't match to the number of partitioned columns. In that case, `ALTER TABLE .. DROP PARTITION` tries to access (delete) folder out of the "base" path in `LOCATION`.

The problem belongs to Hive's MetaStore method `drop_partition_common`:
https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/8696c82d07d303b6dbb69b4d443ab6f2b241b251/standalone-metastore/metastore-server/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/metastore/HiveMetaStore.java#L4876
which tries to delete empty partition sub-folders recursively starting from the most deeper partition sub-folder up to the base folder. In the case when the number of sub-folder is not equal to the number of partitioned columns `part_vals.size()`, the method will try to list and delete folders out of the base path.

To fix test failures like apache#30643 (comment):
```
org.apache.spark.sql.hive.execution.command.AlterTableAddPartitionSuite.ALTER TABLE .. ADD PARTITION Hive V1: SPARK-33521: universal type conversions of partition values
sbt.ForkMain$ForkError: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: File file:/home/jenkins/workspace/SparkPullRequestBuilder/target/tmp/spark-832cb19c-65fd-41f3-ae0b-937d76c07897 does not exist;
	at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:112)
	at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.dropPartitions(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:1014)
...
Caused by: sbt.ForkMain$ForkError: org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.MetaException: File file:/home/jenkins/workspace/SparkPullRequestBuilder/target/tmp/spark-832cb19c-65fd-41f3-ae0b-937d76c07897 does not exist
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.drop_partition_with_environment_context(HiveMetaStore.java:3381)
	at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor304.invoke(Unknown Source)
```

The issue can be reproduced by the following steps:
1. Create a base folder, for example: `/Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location`
2. Create a sub-folder in the base folder and drop permissions for it:
```
$ mkdir /Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location/aaa
$ chmod a-rwx chmod a-rwx /Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location/aaa
$ ls -al /Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location
total 0
drwxr-xr-x   3 maximgekk  staff    96 Dec 13 18:42 .
drwxr-xr-x  33 maximgekk  staff  1056 Dec 13 18:32 ..
d---------   2 maximgekk  staff    64 Dec 13 18:42 aaa
```
3. Create a table with a partition folder in the base folder:
```sql
spark-sql> create table tbl (id int) partitioned by (part0 int, part1 int);
spark-sql> alter table tbl add partition (part0=1,part1=2) location '/Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location/tbl';
```
4. Try to drop this partition:
```
spark-sql> alter table tbl drop partition (part0=1,part1=2);
20/12/13 18:46:07 ERROR HiveClientImpl:
======================
Attempt to drop the partition specs in table 'tbl' database 'default':
Map(part0 -> 1, part1 -> 2)
In this attempt, the following partitions have been dropped successfully:

The remaining partitions have not been dropped:
[1, 2]
======================

Error in query: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: Error accessing file:/Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location/aaa;
org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: Error accessing file:/Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location/aaa;
```
The command fails because it tries to access to the sub-folder `aaa` that is out of the partition path `/Users/maximgekk/tmp/part-location/tbl`.

No

By running the affected tests from local IDEA which does not have access to folders out of partition paths.

Closes apache#30752 from MaxGekk/fix-drop-partition-location.

Lead-authored-by: Max Gekk <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Maxim Gekk <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 9160d59)
Signed-off-by: Max Gekk <[email protected]>

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/catalog/ExternalCatalogSuite.scala

@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@ abstract class ExternalCatalogSuite extends SparkFunSuite with BeforeAndAfterEac
       partitionColumnNames = Seq("partCol1", "partCol2"))
     catalog.createTable(table, ignoreIfExists = false)
 
-    val newLocationPart1 = newUriForDatabase()
-    val newLocationPart2 = newUriForDatabase()
+    val newLocationPart1 = newUriForPartition(Seq("p1=1", "p2=2"))
+    val newLocationPart2 = newUriForPartition(Seq("p1=3", "p2=4"))
 
     val partition1 =
       CatalogTablePartition(Map("partCol1" -> "1", "partCol2" -> "2"),
@@ -991,6 +991,11 @@ abstract class CatalogTestUtils {
 
   def newUriForDatabase(): URI = new URI(Utils.createTempDir().toURI.toString.stripSuffix("/"))
 
+  def newUriForPartition(parts: Seq[String]): URI = {
+    val path = parts.foldLeft(Utils.createTempDir())(new java.io.File(_, _))
+    new URI(path.toURI.toString.stripSuffix("/"))
+  }
+
   def newDb(name: String): CatalogDatabase = {
     CatalogDatabase(name, name + " description", newUriForDatabase(), Map.empty)
   }

sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/StatisticsSuite.scala

@@ -983,12 +983,16 @@ class StatisticsSuite extends StatisticsCollectionTestBase with TestHiveSingleto
           assert(fetched1.get.colStats.size == 2)
 
           withTempPaths(numPaths = 2) { case Seq(dir1, dir2) =>
-            val file1 = new File(dir1 + "/data")
+            val partDir1 = new File(new File(dir1, "ds=2008-04-09"), "hr=11")
+            val file1 = new File(partDir1, "data")
+            file1.getParentFile.mkdirs()
             Utils.tryWithResource(new PrintWriter(file1)) { writer =>
               writer.write("1,a")
             }
 
-            val file2 = new File(dir2 + "/data")
+            val partDir2 = new File(new File(dir2, "ds=2008-04-09"), "hr=12")
+            val file2 = new File(partDir2, "data")
+            file2.getParentFile.mkdirs()
             Utils.tryWithResource(new PrintWriter(file2)) { writer =>
               writer.write("1,a")
             }
@@ -997,8 +1001,8 @@ class StatisticsSuite extends StatisticsCollectionTestBase with TestHiveSingleto
             sql(
               s"""
                  |ALTER TABLE $table ADD
-                 |PARTITION (ds='2008-04-09', hr='11') LOCATION '${dir1.toURI.toString}'
-                 |PARTITION (ds='2008-04-09', hr='12') LOCATION '${dir2.toURI.toString}'
+                 |PARTITION (ds='2008-04-09', hr='11') LOCATION '${partDir1.toURI.toString}'
+                 |PARTITION (ds='2008-04-09', hr='12') LOCATION '${partDir1.toURI.toString}'
             """.stripMargin)
             if (autoUpdate) {
               val fetched2 = checkTableStats(table, hasSizeInBytes = true, expectedRowCounts = None)

sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala

@@ -605,8 +605,8 @@ class HiveDDLSuite
     val tab = "tab_with_partitions"
     withTempDir { tmpDir =>
       val basePath = new File(tmpDir.getCanonicalPath)
-      val part1Path = new File(basePath + "/part1")
-      val part2Path = new File(basePath + "/part2")
+      val part1Path = new File(new File(basePath, "part10"), "part11")
+      val part2Path = new File(new File(basePath, "part20"), "part21")
       val dirSet = part1Path :: part2Path :: Nil
 
       // Before data insertion, all the directory are empty