feat(p2p/proxy_workshop): add v1 of proxy workshop

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/SETUP.md

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+# 💻 Setup - Foundry & VSCode extension
+
+[Foundry](https://book.getfoundry.sh/) is a blazing fast, portable and modular toolkit for Ethereum application development written in Rust. We will need it throughout the workshop.
+
+## 📡 Download foundry
+
+- Open your terminal and type
+
+```bash
+curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
+```
+
+This will download foundryup.
+
+- Then, you can download foundry by running `foundryup`
+- If everything went fine you should be able to use `forge`, `anvil`, `chisel` and `cast`.
+- If you are on macos you will need to install `libusb` with
+
+```bash
+brew install libusb
+```
+
+After the installation, run the following command to ensure it has been properly installed on your computer:
+
+```bash
+forge --version
+```
+
+It should print your current version.
+
+If you have some troubles during the installation, you can refer to the [official documentation](https://book.getfoundry.sh/getting-started/installation).
+
+## Create a foundry project
+
+Once everything is done, you can create a new project using
+
+```bash
+forge init new_project
+cd new_project
+```
+
+📂 This should create a new directory with a brand new foundry project
+
+If you already have a repository, you might need to add
+
+```bash
+--no-commit
+```
+
+The first thing you wants to do is set the solidity version of this project in the `foundry.toml` file wich is the configuration file of foundry.
+
+You can do this by adding in the "[profile.default]" section:
+
+```toml
+solc_version = "0.8.25"
+```
+
+## 🧩 VSCode Integration
+
+I recommand you to install [solidity vscode extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=JuanBlanco.solidity), it is an extension that simplifies development in Solidity.
+
+Also, I recommand you to use the extension formatter. It will format your code on save, which allows you to have a clean codebase. To do so:
+
+- Create a `.vscode/settings.json` file with this content
+
+```json
+{
+  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+    "[solidity]": {
+        "editor.defaultFormatter": "JuanBlanco.solidity"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Back to the workshop
+
+[Jump !](./README.md)

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/Solidity.md

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+# Solidity Essentials to create a proxy
+
+## Introduction
+
+**Solidity** is a **programming language** specifically **designed for developing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain**. Understanding Solidity is crucial for creating **proxys**. Here's a summary of the key Solidity concepts you'll need to know.
+
+## Contracts
+
+- **Contracts**: The building blocks of Ethereum smart contracts.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Hello World](https://solidity-by-example.org/hello-world/)
+
+## Data Types and State Variables
+
+- **Data Types**: Essential types include `uint`, `address`, `string`, and `bool`.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Data Types](https://solidity-by-example.org/primitives/)
+- **State Variables**: Hold data across function calls, stored on the blockchain.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Variables](https://solidity-by-example.org/variables/)
+
+## Visibility Modifiers
+
+- **public**: Can be accessed internally and externally.
+- **internal**: Accessible only within the contract and derived contracts.
+- **external**: Can be called from outside the contract.
+- **private**: Accessible only within the contract.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Visibility](https://solidity-by-example.org/visibility/)
+
+## Data Locations
+
+- **Storage**: Persistent data stored on the blockchain.
+- **Memory**: Temporary data stored during function execution.
+- **Stack**: Local variables stored in function execution context.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Data Locations](https://solidity-by-example.org/data-locations/)
+
+## Functions
+
+- **Functions**: Code blocks within contracts that execute specific tasks.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Functions](https://solidity-by-example.org/function/)
+
+## Constructor
+
+- The constructor initializes contract variables when the contract is deployed.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Constructor](https://solidity-by-example.org/constructor/)
+
+## Interface
+
+- **Interface**: Abstract contracts that define functions but don't provide implementations.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Interface](https://solidity-by-example.org/interface/)
+
+## Modifiers
+  - **Modifiers**: Reusable code blocks that can change the behavior of functions.
+    - [Solidity by Example - Modifiers](https://solidity-by-example.org/function-modifier/)
+
+## Inheritance
+
+- **Inheritance**: Contracts can inherit properties and methods from other contracts.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Inheritance](https://solidity-by-example.org/inheritance/)
+
+## Error Handling
+
+- Use `require` and `revert` to handle error cases and provide useful feedback.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Error Handling](https://solidity-by-example.org/error/)
+
+## Events
+
+- **Events**: Enable logging of important contract actions for external consumption.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Events](https://solidity-by-example.org/events/)
+
+## DelegateCall
+
+- **DelegateCall**: Allows a contract to execute code from another contract.
+  - [Solidity by Example - DelegateCall](https://solidity-by-example.org/delegatecall/)
+
+## Units
+
+- **Units**: Ether and Wei are the primary units of Ethereum. 1 ether = 10^18 wei.
+  - [Solidity by Example - Units](https://solidity-by-example.org/ether-units/)
+
+## Solidity by Example
+
+- To find more examples of practical Solidity implementations, explore [Solidity by Example](https://solidity-by-example.org/).
+
+## Conclusion
+
+Mastering these Solidity essentials will empower you to create your own proxy with confidence and understanding. Dive into the documentation, experiment with code, and explore real-world examples to solidify your knowledge.
+
+## Back to the workshop
+
+[Jump !](./README.md)

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/help/fallback.md

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+# 🙋‍♂️ Help to create the fallback function for the proxy
+
+The fallback function is a function that is called when a contract is called with a method that is not implemented. This function is called with the method name and the arguments that were passed to the proxy.
+
+```solidity
+fallback() external payable {
+    (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = implementation.delegatecall(msg.data);
+    if (!success) {
+        if (returnData.length > 0) {
+            assembly {
+                let returndata_size := mload(returnData)
+                revert(add(32, returnData), returndata_size)
+            }
+        } else {
+            revert("Delegatecall failed without reason");
+        }
+    }
+    assembly {
+        return(add(returnData, 32), mload(returnData))
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## ⛓️‍💥 Let's break down the fallback function line by line:
+
+1. `(bool success, bytes memory returnData) = implementation.delegatecall(msg.data);`
+    - This line calls the `delegatecall` function on the `implementation` contract with the `msg.data` that was sent to the proxy. The `delegatecall` function executes the code of the `implementation` contract in the context of the proxy contract. The `success` variable will be `true` if the `delegatecall` was successful, and the `returnData` variable will contain the return data from the `delegatecall`.
+
+2. `if (!success) {`
+    - This line checks if the `delegatecall` was successful. If it was not successful, the code inside the `if` block will be executed.
+
+3. `if (returnData.length > 0) {`
+    - This line checks if the `returnData` has a length greater than 0. If it does, it means that the `delegatecall` failed with a revert reason.
+    - The `assembly` block extracts the revert reason from the `returnData` and reverts with that reason.
+    - If the `returnData` is empty, it means that the `delegatecall` failed without a revert reason, and the fallback function reverts with a generic message.
+    - We use `assembly` to handle the revert reason because the `delegatecall` does not automatically propagate the revert reason.
+
+4. `assembly { return(add(returnData, 32), mload(returnData)) }`
+    - This line returns the `returnData` if the `delegatecall` was successful. The `returnData` contains the return value of the function that was called in the `implementation` contract.
+
+👌 Perfect now you have a fallback function that will call the `implementation` contract with the method name and arguments that were passed to the proxy.  
+
+If the `delegatecall` is successful, it will return the return value of the function that was called in the `implementation` contract. If the `delegatecall` fails, it will revert with the revert reason.
+
+> ⚠️ It's the main logic of the proxy so if you have any questions feel free to ask to the PoC Team.
+
+⏪ Back to the [Workshop](../README.md).

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/utils/.env.sample

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+# This is the private key of your account, you can get it in metamask
+PRIVATE_KEY=
+# This is the address of your account, the one associated with your private key
+ADMIN_ADDRESS=
+# Alchemy node url for ethereum sepolia network
+RPC_URL=
+# The address of your deployed ERC-1967 contract
+PROXY=
+# The address of the counter contract
+CONTRACT_V1=
+CONTRACT_V2=

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/utils/Counter_v1.sol

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+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
+
+contract COUNTER_V1 {
+    uint256 public count;
+
+    constructor() {
+        count = 0;
+    }
+
+    function add() public {
+        count += 1;
+    }
+
+    function total() public view returns (uint256) {
+        return count;
+    }
+}

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/utils/Counter_v2.sol

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+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
+
+contract COUNTER_V2 {
+    uint256 public _count;
+
+    constructor() {
+        _count = 0;
+    }
+
+    function add(uint8 nb) public {
+        _count += nb;
+    }
+
+    function total() public view returns (uint256) {
+        return _count;
+    }
+}

p2p/6.Create_a_proxy/utils/proxy.t.sol

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+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
+
+import "forge-std/Test.sol";
+import "../src/proxys/proxy_v1.sol";
+import "../src/proxys/proxy_v2.sol";
+import "../src/proxys/proxy_ownable_upgradable.sol";
+import "../src/implementations/Counter_v1.sol";
+import "../src/implementations/Counter_v2.sol";
+
+contract ProxyTest is Test {
+    PROXY_V1 public proxy_v1;
+    PROXY_V2 public proxy_v2;
+    COUNTER_V1 public counter;
+    COUNTER_V2 public counter_v2;
+    PROXY_OWNABLE_UPGRADABLE public proxy_ownable_upgradable;
+    address public nonOwner;
+
+    function setUp() public {
+        counter = new COUNTER_V1();
+        counter_v2 = new COUNTER_V2();
+        proxy_v1 = new PROXY_V1(address(counter));
+        proxy_v2 = new PROXY_V2(address(counter));
+        proxy_ownable_upgradable = new PROXY_OWNABLE_UPGRADABLE("v1", address(counter));
+        nonOwner = address(0x1234);
+    }
+
+    function testCounter() public {
+        assertEq(counter.total(), 0, "Counter should be 0");
+        counter.add();
+        assertEq(counter.total(), 1, "Counter should be 1");
+    }
+
+    function testProxy_v1() public {
+        uint256 total = COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_v1)).total();
+        assertEq(total, 0, "total should be 0");
+        COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_v1)).add();
+        total = COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_v1)).total();
+        assertEq(total, 1, "total should be 1");
+    }
+
+    function testProxy_v2() public {
+        uint256 total = COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_v2)).total();
+        assertEq(total, 0, "total should be 0");
+        COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_v2)).add();
+        total = COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_v2)).total();
+        assertEq(total, 1, "total should be 1");
+        // change implementation
+        proxy_v2.setImplementation(address(counter_v2));
+        COUNTER_V2(address(proxy_v2)).add(2);
+        total = COUNTER_V2(address(proxy_v2)).total();
+        assertEq(total, 3, "total should be 3");
+    }
+
+    function testProxyUpgrade() public {
+        assertEq(fixNullBytes(proxy_ownable_upgradable.getVersion()), "v1", "version should be v1");
+        COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_ownable_upgradable)).add();
+        assertEq(COUNTER_V1(address(proxy_ownable_upgradable)).total(), 1, "should be 1");
+        proxy_ownable_upgradable.upgradeTo("v2", address(counter_v2));
+        assertEq(fixNullBytes(proxy_ownable_upgradable.getVersion()), "v2", "version should be v2");
+        assertEq(COUNTER_V2(address(proxy_ownable_upgradable)).total(), 1, "total should be 1");
+        COUNTER_V2(address(proxy_ownable_upgradable)).add(3);
+        assertEq(COUNTER_V2(address(proxy_ownable_upgradable)).total(), 4, "total should be 4");
+    }
+
+    function testUpgradeToAsNonOwner() public {
+        // Attempt to upgrade implementation with a non-owner account
+        vm.prank(nonOwner);
+        vm.expectRevert("Caller is not the owner");
+        proxy_ownable_upgradable.upgradeTo("v2", address(counter_v2));
+        assertEq(proxy_ownable_upgradable.implementation(), address(counter), "Implementation should not change for non-owner");
+    }
+
+    // remove null bytes from string
+    function fixNullBytes(string memory str) internal pure returns (string memory) {
+        bytes memory strBytes = bytes(str);
+        uint256 trimIndex = 0;
+
+        // Find the position of the first null byte
+        while (trimIndex < strBytes.length && strBytes[trimIndex] != 0) {
+            trimIndex++;
+        }
+
+        // Create a new string with the trimmed length
+        bytes memory trimmedBytes = new bytes(trimIndex);
+        for (uint256 i = 0; i < trimIndex; i++) {
+            trimmedBytes[i] = strBytes[i];
+        }
+
+        return string(trimmedBytes);
+    }
+}