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267 changes: 267 additions & 0 deletions software/32.Zig/README.md
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# Workshop 32 - Introduction to Zig

Welcome to this introductory workshop on Zig! Zig is a modern programming language that emphasizes robustness, performance and clarity. Today, you'll learn :
✔️ How to install Zig
✔️ Create your first project
✔️ Discover the language's key concepts by creating a few projects

## Introduction

Zig is a general-purpose programming language focused on robustness, performance, and simplicity. It offers manual memory management, safety features, built-in cross-compilation, and seamless C interoperability, making it ideal for system programming and high-performance applications.

## Step 0 - SETUP

All the required information to install dependencies can be found in [SETUP.md](./SETUP.md).

> 💡 We recommend you to follow the [Getting started](https://ziglang.org/learn/getting-started/) for this workshop.

## Step 1 - Hello World! in Zig

> ❗ We strongly advise you to use the documentation provided for this exercise.

📑 Description:

For the first exercise, we simply ask you to write `Hello world!` in your terminal when you run your program.

📌 Tasks:

Create a file `main.zig` in a folder called `src` with your logic to print the "hello world"

src
└── main.zig

📚 Documentation:

> 💡 Now, that you have created a file `main.zig`, you can use other zig files. To use them in your `main.zig` you have to integrate the module ([read more](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71186556/how-do-i-include-one-zig-file-from-another-zig-file))

- [Build System](https://ziglang.org/learn/build-system/)
- [Doc.Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/)

✔️ Validation:

you should see the following :

```sh
Hello, World!
```

## Step 2 - Palindrome?

📑 Description:

For the second exercise, you have to create a function that takes as parameter a string `word`.

📌 Tasks:

Create a file `palindrome.zig` for this new function.

This function must return true if the word given in parameter is a palindrome and false in the opposite case.

📚 Documentation:

-[What is a palindrome ?](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Palindrome)
-[New function](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Functions)
-[The types in Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Primitive-Types)
-[Control_Structures](https://zig.guide/language-basics/while-loops)

✔️ Validation:

Here's a main example :

pub fn main() void {
const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();

const test_word1 = "madam";
const test_word2 = "hello";

const result1 = is_palindrome(test_word1);
const result2 = is_palindrome(test_word2);

stdout.print("{} is palindrome: {}\n", .{test_word1, result1}) catch {};
stdout.print("{} is palindrome: {}\n", .{test_word2, result2}) catch {};
}

When you compile and run palindrome.zig, the output should be:

```sh
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Here you are printing "madam is palindrome: true", you should create an main function with the example so the user can understand how you test it even if it seems that the palindrome function returns a boolean and you print it then in the main function.

madam is palindrome: true
```
or

```sh
hello is palindrome: false
```

## Step 3 - Fibonacci sequence

📑 Description:

For the third exercise, you need to create a function that generates and displays the Fibonacci sequence up to a specified number of elements.
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Do you think there could be another exercice that the fibonacci? I don't think imlementing the Fibonacci sequence will use Zig features that are useful + this step has already been done in rust workshop, try to not copy the steps and only change the langage, people comming from the rust workshop will change a few keywords and they will finish the step, they learned nothing but just replace keywords from rurst to zig.


📌 Tasks:

- Create a file `fibonacci.zig` for this new function.

For the third exercise, create a function that takes one parameter:

- A number `max` with type `i32` that represent the number of element to compute.

- You must now display the sequence of Fibonacci from the number of starts to the `max` value.

Here is a small example of the beginning of the Fibonacci sequence:

```shell
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, ...
```

📚 Documentation:

-[Fibonacci number](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Fibonacci_number)
-[Match](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Standard-Library-Math-Functions)
-[Vector](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Vectors)

✔️ Validation:

Given the Fibonacci sequence (see previous example), if max is 5, the function should output:

```sh
0, 1, 1, 2, 3
```

## Step 4 - A simple and useful `Calculator`

📑 Description:

Let's go further now!

The objective of this fifth exercise is to create a simplifying calculator.

📌 Tasks:

- Create a file `calculator.zig` for this new function.

To do this, you have to make a calculator that can do:

- `Addition`
- `Multiplication`
- `Division`
- `Subtraction`

- between two values that must be retrieved one after the other from the user's input.

> 💡 Pay attention to your error handling !

- Display the result of the calculation in your terminal.

📚 Documentation:
-[Errors](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Errors)
-[Memory](https://zig.guide/standard-library/allocators)
-[ArrayList](https://zig.guide/standard-library/arraylist)

✔️ Validation:

You should get something like this :

```sh
First number: 5
Operation: +
Second number: 3
8
```

Here's a typical error handeling example :

```sh
First number: abc
Operation: +
Second number: 3
Expected Output: Error message indicating invalid input.
```

## Bonuses - TO DO List and C Code translation

### TO DO List

📑 Description:

Now that you're used to the basics, you will do a little project to apply what you've learnt so far.

📌 Tasks:

Create a command-line todo list application where you can:

- Add a new todo
- Delete a todo by ID
- View all todos

Each todo should have at least three fields:

- id (auto-incremented)
- name
- description

> 💡 To easily test your functions during this workshop remember to check the testing tools mentioned above

📚 Documentation:

- [New function](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Functions)
- [The types in Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Primitive-Types)

✔️ Validation:

```sh
./zig-out/bin/main

Choose an action:
1. Add Todo
2. Delete Todo
3. View Todos
4. Exit
> 1
Enter name: Buy groceries
Enter description: Milk, eggs, and bread
Todo added successfully.
```

```sh
Choose an action:
5. Add Todo
6. Delete Todo
7. View Todos
8. Exit
> 3
ID: 1, Name: Buy groceries, Description: Milk, eggs, and bread
Choose an action:
9. Add Todo
10. Delete Todo
11. View Todos
12. Exit
> 4
```

> 💡 Pay attention to your error handling !

### Use The C Translation tool

📑 Description:

Zig provides the command zig translate-c for automatic translation from C source code. You can try to read the documentation and have fun with the tool.

📚 Documentation:

-[Translate-C](https://zig.guide/working-with-c/translate-c)
-[cImport](https://zig.guide/working-with-c/c-import)
-[LinkLibC](https://zig.guide/working-with-c/linking-libc)

## Conclusion

Well done ! You've accomplished a lot with the Zig Workshop, and there is so much more to discover. Refer to the official documentation to deep-dive into it.

Hope you enjoyed the workshop!

## Authors

- Elie STROUN
- Pierre LISSOPE

> 🚀 Follow us on our different social networks, and put a star 🌟 on `PoC's` repositories.
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# Installing Zig

## For Fedora

Since most students use Fedora, installing Zig is very simple. Just open a terminal and run the following command:

```sh
sudo dnf install zig
```

### For other operating systems

- Visit the official Zig website: ziglang.org.

### to check installation

```sh
zig version
```

## Initializing a Zig Project

### Step 1: Create a new project

To create a new Zig project, open a terminal and navigate to the directory where you wish to create your project. Then run the following command:

```sh
zig init
```

This command will create a basic project structure with the necessary files.

### Step 2: Explore the project structure

Once the project has been created, you'll see the following structure:

```css
.
├── build.zig
├── build.zig.zon
└── src
├── main.zig
└── root.zig
```

- build.zig: This file is a build script for your Zig project.
- src/main.zig: This is the entry point for your Zig program.
- src/root.zig: This is a sub-file of example (don't worry if you don't have it).

### Step 3: Compile and run the project

To compile your project, run the following command in your project directory:

```sh
zig build
```

After compilation, a binary will be generated in the zig-out/bin folder (it may be called something different depending on the name of your folder). To run this binary, use the following command:

```sh
./zig-out/bin/main
```

You should see the messages:
"All your codebase are belong to us.
Run `zig build test` to run the tests." are displayed, indicating that your project has been correctly configured and compiled.

### Next step

Now that your basic project is ready, let's explore the basic concepts of the Zig language and develop a palindrome detection program.
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