NumPy 2.0 build support

[timkpaine]

This PR does three things:

• adds build support for numpy 2.0, but without modifying the existing requirements to allow for numpy 2 during build or runtime
• adds compatibility code to build between numpy versions from this document
• updates the dependency checks part of CI to allow for build time tests as well
  • tweaks the logic slightly to allow for groups of dependencies
  • splits the checks into test time checks (e.g. for runtime compatibility) and build time checks
  • runs the build for build time checks, runs the testing for both build and test time checks

If we merge this PR, we should open a ticket to do the following:

• Drop support for python 3.8 (no numpy 2)
• Move build from oldest-supported-numpy to numpy>=2, as it is backwards compatible but requires python 3.9+
• remove runtime dep on numpy<2

ref #58

[timkpaine]

From the build test_buildtime_dependencies:

-- Found Numpy: /opt/python/cp39-cp39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/_core/include (found version "2.0.0")

...

Run python -m pip install -U "numpy>=2" "pandas>=2.2" "pyarrow>=16.1"
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=2 in /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.19/x64/lib/python3.9/site-packages (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pandas>=2.2 in /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.19/x64/lib/python3.9/site-packages (2.2.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pyarrow>=16.1 in /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.19/x64/lib/python3.9/site-packages (16.1.0)

...

====== 934 passed, 84 skipped, 3 xfailed, 52 warnings in 64.73s (0:01:04) ======

stale