Drop support for Python 3.10

[nijel]

Proposed changes

• Limit list of supported versions with upcoming Python 3.13 (see feat(ci): add testing with Python 3.13 #12557)
• Python 3.11 introduced several type annotation features which will make them easier

Checklist

• Lint and unit tests pass locally with my changes.
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• I have added documentation to describe my feature.
• I have squashed my commits into logic units.
• I have described the changes in the commit messages.

Other information