Commits on Sep 8, 2024

1. Optimize string concatenation using << operator …

   This change enhances the efficiency of HTML string construction, by
   replacing `+=` operator with `<<`.
   
   The shovel operator (`<<`) modifies strings in-place, reducing memory
   allocation and improving overall performance compared to the `+=`
   operator.
   
   ### Test Case
   
   Ruby 3.3.5 x64 on M1 Pro
   
   ```rb
   Arbre::Context.new { div { |d| d.ul { li } } }.to_s
   ```
   
   #### Before
   
   ```
   --- Memory Profiler ---
   
   Total allocated: 4624 bytes (80 objects)
   Total retained:  0 bytes (0 objects)
   
   allocated memory by gem
   -----------------------------------
         4624  arbre/lib
   
   allocated memory by file
   -----------------------------------
         2560  arbre/html/tag.rb
         1120  arbre/element/builder_methods.rb
          400  arbre/element_collection.rb
          280  arbre/element.rb
          264  arbre/context.rb
   
   --- Benchmark: IPS ---
   
                   test     50.546k (± 1.4%) i/s -    254.550k in   5.037005s
   
   --- Benchmark: Memory ---
   
                   test     6.208k memsize (     0.000  retained)
                           99.000  objects (     0.000  retained)
                           29.000  strings (     0.000  retained)
   ```
   
   #### After
   
   ```
   --- Memory Profiler ---
   
   Total allocated: 3840 bytes (64 objects)
   Total retained:  0 bytes (0 objects)
   
   allocated memory by gem
   -----------------------------------
         3840  arbre/lib
   
   allocated memory by file
   -----------------------------------
         1776  arbre/html/tag.rb
         1120  arbre/element/builder_methods.rb
          400  arbre/element_collection.rb
          280  arbre/element.rb
          264  arbre/context.rb
   
   --- Benchmark: IPS ---
   
                   test     52.205k (± 1.6%) i/s -    265.659k in   5.090028s
   
   --- Benchmark: Memory ---
   
                   test     5.424k memsize (     0.000  retained)
                           83.000  objects (     0.000  retained)
                           19.000  strings (     0.000  retained)
   ```

   

   tagliala committed Sep 8, 2024
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