Implementing abstraction to score final sequences in BeamSearch (#5208

) * Implementing FinalSequenceScorer in BeamSearch * Including the end token in the normalization * Reformating * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Pete <[email protected]> * Sorting the sequences by the final scores Co-authored-by: Pete <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Pete <[email protected]>
allenai · May 18, 2021 · 3585c9f · 3585c9f
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diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
   See [PR #5172](https://github.com/allenai/allennlp/pull/5172) for more details.
 - Added `SpanExtractorWithSpanWidthEmbedding`, putting specific span embedding computations into the `_embed_spans` method and leaving the common code in `SpanExtractorWithSpanWidthEmbedding` to unify the arguments, and modified `BidirectionalEndpointSpanExtractor`, `EndpointSpanExtractor` and `SelfAttentiveSpanExtractor` accordingly. Now, `SelfAttentiveSpanExtractor` can also embed span widths.
 - Added a `min_steps` parameter to `BeamSearch` to set a minimum length for the predicted sequences.
+- Added the `FinalSequenceScorer` abstraction to calculate the final scores of the generated sequences in `BeamSearch`. 
 
 ### Fixed
 

diff --git a/allennlp/nn/beam_search.py b/allennlp/nn/beam_search.py
@@ -431,6 +431,99 @@ def gumbel_with_max(self, phi, T) -> torch.Tensor:
         return T - torch.nn.functional.relu(v) - torch.log1p(torch.exp(-v.abs()))
 
 
+class FinalSequenceScorer(Registrable):
+    """
+    An abstract class that can be used to score the final generated sequences found
+    by beam search. Given the predicted sequences and the corresponding log probabilities of
+    those sequences, the class calculates and returns the final score of the sequences.
+
+    The default implementation scores the sequences using the sum of the log probabilities of
+    the sequence, which is passed as input.
+    """
+
+    default_implementation = "sequence-log-prob"
+
+    def score(
+        self, predictions: torch.Tensor, log_probabilities: torch.Tensor, end_index: int
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """
+        Score the final predictions found by beam search.
+
+        # Parameters
+
+        predictions : `torch.Tensor`
+            A tensor containing the initial predictions with shape `(batch_size, beam_size, max_steps)`.
+
+        log_probabilities : `torch.Tensor`
+            A tensor containing the log probabilities of the sequence, defined as the sum
+            of the log probabilities per token, with shape `(batch_size, beam_size)`.
+
+        end_index : `int`
+            The index of the end symbol.
+
+        # Returns
+
+        `torch.Tensor`
+            A tensor of the final sequence scores of shape `(batch_size, beam_size)`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@FinalSequenceScorer.register("sequence-log-prob")
+class SequenceLogProbabilityScorer(FinalSequenceScorer):
+    """
+    A `FinalSequenceScorer` which scores the sequences by the sum of the log probabilities
+    across the sequence's tokens.
+    """
+
+    @overrides
+    def score(
+        self, predictions: torch.Tensor, log_probabilities: torch.Tensor, end_index: int
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # The sum of the sequence log probabilities is the input parameter, so just
+        # return it.
+        return log_probabilities
+
+
+@FinalSequenceScorer.register("length-normalized-sequence-log-prob")
+class LengthNormalizedSequenceLogProbabilityScorer(FinalSequenceScorer):
+    """
+    A `FinalSequenceScorer` which scores the sequences by the average log probability of the
+    tokens in the sequence. It optionally includes a length penalty which promotes
+    or demotes sequences based on their lengths. The final score for a sequence will
+    be `(sequence_log_probability) / (sequence_length ** length_penalty)`. The sequence length
+    here includes the end token.
+
+    # Parameters
+
+    length_penalty : `float`, optional (default = `1.0`)
+        The length penalty to use. A value of 1.0 means no length penalty is used.
+        A value > 1.0 favors longer sequences, and < 1.0 favors shorter sequences.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, length_penalty: float = 1.0):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.length_penalty = length_penalty
+
+    @overrides
+    def score(
+        self, predictions: torch.Tensor, log_probabilities: torch.Tensor, end_index: int
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # shape: (batch_size, beam_size)
+        lengths = (predictions != end_index).long().sum(dim=2)
+
+        # If the sequence ended during beam search, the `log_probabilities` will include
+        # the transition to the end token. Therefore, in such situations, `lengths` is
+        # actually off by 1. This corrects for that.
+        # shape: (batch_size, beam_size)
+        is_end_token = predictions[:, :, -1] == end_index
+        lengths += is_end_token.long()
+
+        # shape: (batch_size, beam_size)
+        average_log_probs = log_probabilities / (lengths ** self.length_penalty)
+        return average_log_probs
+
+
 class BeamSearch(FromParams):
     """
     Implements the beam search algorithm for decoding the most likely sequences.
@@ -467,6 +560,12 @@ class BeamSearch(FromParams):
         The minimum number of decoding steps to take, i.e. the minimum length of
         the predicted sequences. This does not include the start or end tokens. If `None`,
         no minimum is enforced.
+
+    final_sequence_scorer : `FinalSequenceScorer`, optional (default = `None`)
+        An optional `FinalSequenceScorer` which is used to score the final generated sequences.
+        The output from this module is what is returned by the `search` method. If not
+        specified, `SequenceLogProbabilityScorer` will be used, which scores the sequences
+        by the sum of the token log probabilities.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -477,6 +576,7 @@ def __init__(
         per_node_beam_size: int = None,
         sampler: Sampler = None,
         min_steps: Optional[int] = None,
+        final_sequence_scorer: FinalSequenceScorer = None,
     ) -> None:
         if not max_steps > 0:
             raise ValueError("max_steps must be positive")
@@ -496,6 +596,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.per_node_beam_size = per_node_beam_size or beam_size
         self.sampler = sampler or DeterministicSampler()
         self.min_steps = min_steps or 0
+        self.final_sequence_scorer = final_sequence_scorer or SequenceLogProbabilityScorer()
 
     @staticmethod
     def _reconstruct_sequences(predictions, backpointers):
@@ -580,8 +681,8 @@ def search(
         # Returns
 
         `Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]`
-            Tuple of `(predictions, log_probabilities)`, where `predictions`
-            has shape `(batch_size, beam_size, max_steps)` and `log_probabilities`
+            Tuple of `(predictions, final_scores)`, where `predictions`
+            has shape `(batch_size, beam_size, max_steps)` and `final_scores`
             has shape `(batch_size, beam_size)`.
         """
         step_signature = signature(step)
@@ -786,7 +887,20 @@ def _search(
         # shape: (batch_size, beam_size, max_steps)
         all_predictions = torch.cat(list(reversed(reconstructed_predictions)), 2)
 
-        return all_predictions, last_log_probabilities
+        # Calculate the final sequence scores
+        # shape: (batch_size, beam_size)
+        final_scores = self.final_sequence_scorer.score(
+            all_predictions, last_log_probabilities, self._end_index
+        )
+
+        # Sort the sequences based on the final scores so the best scoring
+        # sequence is at index 0
+        sorted_final_scores, sorted_indices = torch.sort(final_scores, dim=1, descending=True)
+        sorted_all_predictions = torch.gather(
+            all_predictions, 1, sorted_indices.unsqueeze(-1).expand_as(all_predictions)
+        )
+
+        return sorted_all_predictions, sorted_final_scores
 
     @staticmethod
     def _is_multilayer_rnn_decoder(key: str, state_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> bool:

diff --git a/tests/nn/beam_search_test.py b/tests/nn/beam_search_test.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
     TopKSampler,
     TopPSampler,
     GumbelSampler,
+    SequenceLogProbabilityScorer,
+    LengthNormalizedSequenceLogProbabilityScorer,
 )
 from allennlp.common.params import Params
 
@@ -538,3 +540,59 @@ def test_gumbel_sampler(self):
 
         assert all([x >= 0 and x < 4 for x in indices[0]])
         assert all([x > 1 and x <= 5 for x in indices[1]])
+
+    def test_sequence_log_prob_scorer(self):
+        # SequenceLogProbabilityScorer is the default, so manually setting the
+        # sequence scorer shouldn't actually change anything
+        self.beam_search.sequence_scorer = SequenceLogProbabilityScorer()
+
+    def test_length_normalized_sequence_log_prob_scorer(self):
+        """
+        Tests to ensure the sequences are normalized by the correct values. The end token is
+        included in the length. The start token is not.
+        """
+        self.beam_search.final_sequence_scorer = LengthNormalizedSequenceLogProbabilityScorer()
+        expected_log_probs = np.log(np.array([0.4, 0.3, 0.2]))
+        length_normalization = np.array([5, 4, 3])
+        expected_scores = expected_log_probs / length_normalization
+        self._check_results(expected_log_probs=expected_scores)
+
+        # Introduce a length penalty
+        length_penalty = 2.0
+        self.beam_search.final_sequence_scorer = LengthNormalizedSequenceLogProbabilityScorer(
+            length_penalty=length_penalty
+        )
+        expected_log_probs = np.log(np.array([0.4, 0.3, 0.2]))
+        length_normalization = np.array(
+            [5 ** length_penalty, 4 ** length_penalty, 3 ** length_penalty]
+        )
+        expected_scores = expected_log_probs / length_normalization
+        self._check_results(expected_log_probs=expected_scores)
+
+        # Pick a length penalty so extreme that the order of the sequences is reversed
+        length_penalty = -2.0
+        self.beam_search.final_sequence_scorer = LengthNormalizedSequenceLogProbabilityScorer(
+            length_penalty=length_penalty
+        )
+        expected_top_k = np.array([[3, 4, 5, 5, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]])
+        expected_log_probs = np.log(np.array([0.2, 0.3, 0.4]))
+        length_normalization = np.array(
+            [3 ** length_penalty, 4 ** length_penalty, 5 ** length_penalty]
+        )
+        expected_scores = expected_log_probs / length_normalization
+        self._check_results(expected_top_k=expected_top_k, expected_log_probs=expected_scores)
+
+        # Here, we set the max_steps = 4. This prevents the first sequence from finishing,
+        # so its length does not include the end token, whereas the other sequences do.
+        length_penalty = 2.0
+        self.beam_search.max_steps = 4
+        self.beam_search.final_sequence_scorer = LengthNormalizedSequenceLogProbabilityScorer(
+            length_penalty=length_penalty
+        )
+        expected_top_k = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5, 5]])
+        expected_log_probs = np.log(np.array([0.4, 0.3, 0.2]))
+        length_normalization = np.array(
+            [4 ** length_penalty, 4 ** length_penalty, 3 ** length_penalty]
+        )
+        expected_scores = expected_log_probs / length_normalization
+        self._check_results(expected_top_k=expected_top_k, expected_log_probs=expected_scores)