GH-44506: [Docs][C++] Fix documentation directive for ChunkLocation

[amoeba]

Rationale for this change

Since ChunkLocation is a typedef/alias, it needs to use the doxygentypedef Sphinx directive rather than doxygenstruct in order for it to show up in the generated HTML. Otherwise we get an error.

What changes are included in this PR?

Just docs:

• Replace doxygenstruct directive with doxygentypedef
• Remove :members: directive as it's not needed

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, though just docs.

• GitHub Issue: [Docs][C++] Fix documentation directive for ChunkLocation #44506

[amoeba]

@github-actions crossbow submit preview-docs

[github-actions]

Revision: cf9e13b

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-a942482c0a

Task	Status
preview-docs

[anjakefala]

Thank you! I should've checked in on that!

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #44506 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[amoeba]

I upgraded this to a non-MINOR PR (matching issue: #44506) in case we choose to create a new 18.0.0 RC in which case we'll want to include this with the original patch, #34535.

[amoeba]

Docs preview looks good, see http://crossbow.voltrondata.com/pr_docs/44505/cpp/api/array.html#_CPPv4N5arrow13ChunkLocationE.

Merging this.

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 5ea3aa1.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 5 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.