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GH-44555: [C++][Compute] Allow casting struct to bigger nullable struct #44587

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@Tom-Newton Tom-Newton commented Oct 30, 2024

Rationale for this change

Sometimes its useful to add a column full of nulls in a cast. Currently this is supported in top level columns but not inside structs. Example where this is important: delta-io/delta-rs#1610

What changes are included in this PR?

Add support for filling in columns full of null for nullable struct fields.
I've gone for a fairly minimal change that achieves what I needed but I wonder if there should be a more significant change so that this casting is done by field name and ignore the field order.

Are these changes tested?

Yes. The expected behaviour in several existing tests has been altered and a couple of new tests have been added.

I also rolled out a custom build with this change internally because it suddenly became a critical problem.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. There are scenarios that previously failed with struct fields don't match or are in the wrong order but now succeed after filling in nulls.

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⚠️ GitHub issue #44555 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

@Tom-Newton
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I'm not confident that I've taken the right approach here but I think its ready for review.

@Tom-Newton Tom-Newton marked this pull request as ready for review October 30, 2024 18:50
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Ok, it looks like there is at least one more tests I need to update. I can probably sort that tomorrow.

@@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ DatasetAndBatches MakeNestedDataset() {
field("b", boolean()),
field("c", struct_({
field("d", int64()),
field("e", float64()),
field("e", int64()),
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I suspect this was not supposed to be different from in the physical schema. This data is used to test if a virtual column will be materialised so I guess it shouldn't be testing int64 -> float64 casting at the same time.

@github-actions github-actions bot added awaiting committer review Awaiting committer review and removed awaiting review Awaiting review labels Nov 1, 2024
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