Minor: Encapsulate type check in GroupValuesColumn, avoid panic #32705

Job	Run time
cargo test (win64)	51m 45s
cargo check	6m 7s
build with wasm-pack	2m 38s
Check cargo fmt	36s
cargo test (macos)	9m 48s
cargo test (macos-aarch64)	10m 58s
Verify Vendored Code	53s
Verify MSRV (Min Supported Rust Version)	6m 47s
cargo test datafusion-cli (amd64)	4m 1s
cargo test (amd64)	10m 13s
cargo doc	4m 18s
cargo test doc (amd64)	15m 24s
cargo examples (amd64)	13m 22s
Run sqllogictest with Postgres runner	3m 39s
verify benchmark results (amd64)	12m 33s
check Cargo.toml formatting	3m 4s
clippy	5m 43s
check configs.md is up-to-date	2m 49s
cargo test hash collisions (amd64)	14m 39s
cargo test pyarrow (amd64)	2m 57s
	3h 2m 14s

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