parquet: Add option to cache file metadata

[progval]

Inspired by datafusion-examples/examples/advanced_parquet_index.rs

Which issue does this PR close?

This was an attempt to solve #12547, but did not achieve it, and I am not sure it is the right approach.

Rationale for this change

On every query on Parquet ables, Datafusion re-opens every file, and parses its metadata. This takes a significant time for short queries (in my use case, there is usually a single hit in the Page Index).

My goal with to make these queries near-instant. Unfortunately, I realized after writing this code that the Page Index still needs to be parsed every time, because file metadata is lost through the listing layer (as mentioned in #9964).

So this does spare some (negligible?) time parsing metadata. I'm not sure it's worth the extra complexity, especially in ParquetFormat. What do you think?

What changes are included in this PR?

• Made ParquetFormat carry state (it probably deserves a renaming then...)
• Added CachedParquetFileReaderFactory as an alternative to DefaultParquetFileReaderFactory, and made it usable through a config option

Are these changes tested?

no

Are there any user-facing changes?

Added datafusion.execution.parquet.cache_metadata

[progval]

Closing in favor of #12593, which actually works and doesn't require extensive changes to Datafusion.