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Document parallelism and thread scheduling in the architecture guide #8986

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Document parallelism and thread scheduling in the architecture guide #8986

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Document parallelism and thread scheduling in the architecture guid
alamb Jan 24, 2024
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40 changes: 32 additions & 8 deletions datafusion/core/src/lib.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -342,16 +342,20 @@
//!
//! [`ExecutionPlan`]s process data using the [Apache Arrow] memory
//! format, making heavy use of functions from the [arrow]
//! crate. Calling [`execute`] produces 1 or more partitions of data,
//! consisting an operator that implements
//! [`SendableRecordBatchStream`].
//!
//! Values are represented with [`ColumnarValue`], which are either
//! crate. Values are represented with [`ColumnarValue`], which are either
//! [`ScalarValue`] (single constant values) or [`ArrayRef`] (Arrow
//! Arrays).
//!
//! Balanced parallelism is achieved using [`RepartitionExec`], which
//! implements a [Volcano style] "Exchange".
//! Calling [`execute`] produces 1 or more partitions of data,
//! as a [`SendableRecordBatchStream`], which implements a pull based execution
//! API. Calling `.next().await` will incrementally compute and return the next
//! [`RecordBatch`]. Balanced parallelism is achieved using [Volcano style]
//! "Exchange" operations implemented by [`RepartitionExec`].
//!
//! While some recent research such as [Morsel-Driven Parallelism] describes challenges
//! with the pull style Volcano execution model on NUMA architectures, in practice DataFusion achieves
//! similar scalability as systems that use morsel driven approach such as DuckDB.
//! See the [DataFusion paper submitted to SIGMOD] for more details.
//!
//! [`execute`]: physical_plan::ExecutionPlan::execute
//! [`SendableRecordBatchStream`]: crate::physical_plan::SendableRecordBatchStream
Expand All @@ -364,8 +368,26 @@
//!
//! [`RepartitionExec`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/physical_plan/repartition/struct.RepartitionExec.html
//! [Volcano style]: https://w6113.github.io/files/papers/volcanoparallelism-89.pdf
//! [Morsel-Driven Parallelism]: https://db.in.tum.de/~leis/papers/morsels.pdf
//! [DataFusion paper submitted SIGMOD]: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/files/13874720/DataFusion_Query_Engine___SIGMOD_2024.pdf
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Suggested change
//! [DataFusion paper submitted SIGMOD]: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/files/13874720/DataFusion_Query_Engine___SIGMOD_2024.pdf
//! [DataFusion paper submitted to SIGMOD]: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/files/13874720/DataFusion_Query_Engine___SIGMOD_2024.pdf

//! [implementors of `ExecutionPlan`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/physical_plan/trait.ExecutionPlan.html#implementors
//!
//! ## Thread Scheduling
//!
//! DataFusion incrementally computes output from a [`SendableRecordBatchStream`]
//! with `target_partitions` threads. Parallelism is implementing using multiple
//! [Tokio] [`task`]s, which are executed by threads managed by a tokio Runtime.
//! While tokio is most commonly used
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I should probably also point out that this phrasing came from the SIGMOD paper and I think at least @yjshen and @ozankabak had a part in authoring it

//! for asynchronous network I/O, its combination of an efficient, work-stealing
//! scheduler, first class compiler support for automatic continuation generation,
//! and exceptional performance makes it a compelling choice for CPU intensive
//! applications as well. This is explained in more detail in [Using Rustlang’s Async Tokio
//! Runtime for CPU-Bound Tasks].
//!
//! [Tokio]: https://tokio.rs
//! [`task`]: tokio::task
//! [Using Rustlang’s Async Tokio Runtime for CPU-Bound Tasks]: https://thenewstack.io/using-rustlangs-async-tokio-runtime-for-cpu-bound-tasks/
//!
//! ## State Management and Configuration
//!
//! [`ConfigOptions`] contain options to control DataFusion's
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -393,10 +415,12 @@
//!
//! The amount of memory and temporary local disk space used by
//! DataFusion when running a plan can be controlled using the
//! [`MemoryPool`] and [`DiskManager`].
//! [`MemoryPool`] and [`DiskManager`]. Other runtime options can be
//! found on [`RuntimeEnv`].
//!
//! [`DiskManager`]: crate::execution::DiskManager
//! [`MemoryPool`]: crate::execution::memory_pool::MemoryPool
//! [`RuntimeEnv`]: crate::execution::runtime_env::RuntimeEnv
//! [`ObjectStoreRegistry`]: crate::datasource::object_store::ObjectStoreRegistry
//!
//! ## Crate Organization
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