feat(go): parse main module of go binary files

docs/docs/coverage/language/golang.md

@@ -74,7 +74,17 @@ $ trivy rootfs ./your_binary
 !!! note
     It doesn't work with UPX-compressed binaries.
 
+#### Empty versions
+There are times when Go uses the `(devel)` version for modules/dependencies and Trivy can't resolve them:
+
+- Only Go binaries installed using the `go install` command contain correct (semver) version for the main module. 
+  In other cases, Go uses the `(devel)` version[^3].
+- Dependencies replaced with local ones use the `(devel)` versions.
+
+In these cases, the version of such packages is empty.
+
 [^1]: It doesn't require the Internet access.
 [^2]: Need to download modules to local cache beforehand
+[^3]: See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/issues/1837#issuecomment-1832523477
 
 [dependency-graph]: ../../configuration/reporting.md#show-origins-of-vulnerable-dependencies

pkg/dependency/parser/golang/binary/parse.go

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ package binary
 
 import (
 	"debug/buildinfo"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"golang.org/x/xerrors"
 
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/dependency/types"
+	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/log"
 	xio "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/x/io"
 )
 
@@ -29,10 +31,14 @@ func convertError(err error) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-type Parser struct{}
+type Parser struct {
+	logger *log.Logger
+}
 
 func NewParser() types.Parser {
-	return &Parser{}
+	return &Parser{
+		logger: log.WithPrefix("gobinary"),
+	}
 }
 
 // Parse scans file to try to report the Go and module versions.
@@ -42,11 +48,22 @@ func (p *Parser) Parse(r xio.ReadSeekerAt) ([]types.Library, []types.Dependency,
 		return nil, nil, convertError(err)
 	}
 
-	libs := make([]types.Library, 0, len(info.Deps)+1)
-	libs = append(libs, types.Library{
-		Name:    "stdlib",
-		Version: strings.TrimPrefix(info.GoVersion, "go"),
-	})
+	libs := make([]types.Library, 0, len(info.Deps)+2)
+	libs = append(libs, []types.Library{
+		{
+			// Add the Go version used to build this binary.
+			Name:    "stdlib",
+			Version: strings.TrimPrefix(info.GoVersion, "go"),
+		},
+		{
+			// Add main module
+			Name: info.Main.Path,
+			// Only binaries installed with `go install` contain semver version of the main module.
+			// Other binaries use the `(devel)` version.
+			// See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/issues/1837#issuecomment-1832523477.
+			Version: p.checkVersion(info.Main.Path, info.Main.Version),
+		},
+	}...)
 
 	for _, dep := range info.Deps {
 		// binaries with old go version may incorrectly add module in Deps
@@ -63,9 +80,19 @@ func (p *Parser) Parse(r xio.ReadSeekerAt) ([]types.Library, []types.Dependency,
 
 		libs = append(libs, types.Library{
 			Name:    mod.Path,
-			Version: mod.Version,
+			Version: p.checkVersion(mod.Path, mod.Version),
 		})
 	}
 
+	sort.Sort(types.Libraries(libs))
 	return libs, nil, nil
 }
+
+// checkVersion detects `(devel)` versions, removes them and adds a debug message about it.
+func (p *Parser) checkVersion(name, version string) string {
+	if version == "(devel)" {
+		p.logger.Debug("Unable to detect dependency version (`(devel)` is used). Version will be empty.", log.String("dependency", name))
+		return ""
+	}
+	return version
+}

pkg/dependency/parser/golang/binary/parse_test.go

@@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "ELF",
 			inputFile: "testdata/test.elf",
 			want: []types.Library{
-				{
-					Name:    "stdlib",
-					Version: "1.15.2",
-				},
 				{
 					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-pep440-version",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20210121094942-22b2f8951d46",
@@ -34,20 +30,24 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-version",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20210121072130-637058cfe492",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/test",
+					Version: "",
+				},
 				{
 					Name:    "golang.org/x/xerrors",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "stdlib",
+					Version: "1.15.2",
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "PE",
 			inputFile: "testdata/test.exe",
 			want: []types.Library{
-				{
-					Name:    "stdlib",
-					Version: "1.15.2",
-				},
 				{
 					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-pep440-version",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20210121094942-22b2f8951d46",
@@ -56,20 +56,24 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-version",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20210121072130-637058cfe492",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/test",
+					Version: "",
+				},
 				{
 					Name:    "golang.org/x/xerrors",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "stdlib",
+					Version: "1.15.2",
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "Mach-O",
 			inputFile: "testdata/test.macho",
 			want: []types.Library{
-				{
-					Name:    "stdlib",
-					Version: "1.15.2",
-				},
 				{
 					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-pep440-version",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20210121094942-22b2f8951d46",
@@ -78,28 +82,54 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-version",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20210121072130-637058cfe492",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/test",
+					Version: "",
+				},
 				{
 					Name:    "golang.org/x/xerrors",
 					Version: "v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "stdlib",
+					Version: "1.15.2",
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "with replace directive",
 			inputFile: "testdata/replace.elf",
 			want: []types.Library{
-				{
-					Name:    "stdlib",
-					Version: "1.16.4",
-				},
 				{
 					Name:    "github.com/davecgh/go-spew",
 					Version: "v1.1.1",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "github.com/ebati/trivy-mod-parse",
+					Version: "",
+				},
 				{
 					Name:    "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql",
 					Version: "v1.5.0",
 				},
+				{
+					Name:    "stdlib",
+					Version: "1.16.4",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "with semver main module version",
+			inputFile: "testdata/semver-main-module-version.macho",
+			want: []types.Library{
+				{
+					Name:    "go.etcd.io/bbolt",
+					Version: "v1.3.5",
+				},
+				{
+					Name:    "stdlib",
+					Version: "1.20.6",
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{

pkg/fanal/analyzer/language/golang/binary/binary_test.go

@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@ func Test_gobinaryLibraryAnalyzer_Analyze(t *testing.T) {
 						Type:     types.GoBinary,
 						FilePath: "testdata/executable_gobinary",
 						Libraries: types.Packages{
-							{
-								Name:    "stdlib",
-								Version: "1.15.2",
-							},
 							{
 								Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-pep440-version",
 								Version: "v0.0.0-20210121094942-22b2f8951d46",
@@ -41,10 +37,18 @@ func Test_gobinaryLibraryAnalyzer_Analyze(t *testing.T) {
 								Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/go-version",
 								Version: "v0.0.0-20210121072130-637058cfe492",
 							},
+							{
+								Name:    "github.com/aquasecurity/test",
+								Version: "",
+							},
 							{
 								Name:    "golang.org/x/xerrors",
 								Version: "v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1",
 							},
+							{
+								Name:    "stdlib",
+								Version: "1.15.2",
+							},
 						},
 					},
 				},

pkg/purl/purl_test.go

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func TestNewPackageURL(t *testing.T) {
 			typ:  ftypes.GoModule,
 			pkg: ftypes.Package{
 				Name:    "./private_repos/cnrm.googlesource.com/cnrm/",
-				Version: "(devel)",
+				Version: "",
 			},
 			want: nil,
 		},

pkg/sbom/cyclonedx/marshal_test.go

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ func TestMarshaler_MarshalReport(t *testing.T) {
 							// dependency has been replaced with local directory
 							{
 								Name:    "./api",
-								Version: "(devel)",
+								Version: "",
 							},
 						},
 					},
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func TestMarshaler_MarshalReport(t *testing.T) {
 						BOMRef:  "3ff14136-e09f-4df9-80ea-000000000013",
 						Type:    cdx.ComponentTypeLibrary,
 						Name:    "./api",
-						Version: "(devel)",
+						Version: "",
 						Properties: &[]cdx.Property{
 							{
 								Name:  "aquasecurity:trivy:PkgType",

pkg/sbom/spdx/marshal_test.go

@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ func TestMarshaler_Marshal(t *testing.T) {
 						Packages: []ftypes.Package{
 							{
 								Name:    "./private_repos/cnrm.googlesource.com/cnrm/",
-								Version: "(devel)",
+								Version: "",
 							},
 							{
 								Name:    "golang.org/x/crypto",
@@ -1105,10 +1105,9 @@ func TestMarshaler_Marshal(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					},
 					{
-						PackageSPDXIdentifier:   spdx.ElementID("Package-9a16e221e11f8a90"),
+						PackageSPDXIdentifier:   spdx.ElementID("Package-b1c3b9e2363f5ff7"),
 						PackageDownloadLocation: "NONE",
 						PackageName:             "./private_repos/cnrm.googlesource.com/cnrm/",
-						PackageVersion:          "(devel)",
 						PackageLicenseConcluded: "NONE",
 						PackageLicenseDeclared:  "NONE",
 						PrimaryPackagePurpose:   tspdx.PackagePurposeLibrary,
@@ -1152,7 +1151,7 @@ func TestMarshaler_Marshal(t *testing.T) {
 				Relationships: []*spdx.Relationship{
 					{
 						RefA:         spdx.DocElementID{ElementRefID: "Application-aab0f4e8cf174c67"},
-						RefB:         spdx.DocElementID{ElementRefID: "Package-9a16e221e11f8a90"},
+						RefB:         spdx.DocElementID{ElementRefID: "Package-b1c3b9e2363f5ff7"},
 						Relationship: "CONTAINS",
 					},
 					{