Improve handling of metaclasses in various linter rules (#12579)

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_bugbear/B019.py

@@ -118,3 +118,9 @@ class Foo(enum.Enum):
     @functools.cache
     def bar(self, arg: str) -> str:
         return f"{self} - {arg}"
+
+
+class Metaclass(type):
+    @functools.lru_cache
+    def lru_cached_instance_method_on_metaclass(cls, x: int):
+        ...

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bugbear__tests__B019_B019.py.snap

@@ -80,4 +80,11 @@ B019.py:106:5: B019 Use of `functools.lru_cache` or `functools.cache` on methods
 108 |         ...
     |
 
-
+B019.py:124:5: B019 Use of `functools.lru_cache` or `functools.cache` on methods can lead to memory leaks
+    |
+123 | class Metaclass(type):
+124 |     @functools.lru_cache
+    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B019
+125 |     def lru_cached_instance_method_on_metaclass(cls, x: int):
+126 |         ...
+    |

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pyi/rules/non_self_return_type.rs

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ pub(crate) fn non_self_return_type(
     };
 
     // PEP 673 forbids the use of `typing(_extensions).Self` in metaclasses.
-    if is_metaclass(class_def, semantic) {
+    if analyze::class::is_metaclass(class_def, semantic) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -219,16 +219,6 @@ pub(crate) fn non_self_return_type(
     }
 }
 
-/// Returns `true` if the given class is a metaclass.
-fn is_metaclass(class_def: &ast::StmtClassDef, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> bool {
-    analyze::class::any_qualified_name(class_def, semantic, &|qualified_name| {
-        matches!(
-            qualified_name.segments(),
-            ["" | "builtins", "type"] | ["abc", "ABCMeta"] | ["enum", "EnumMeta" | "EnumType"]
-        )
-    })
-}
-
 /// Returns `true` if the method is an in-place binary operator.
 fn is_inplace_bin_op(name: &str) -> bool {
     matches!(

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pep8_naming/rules/invalid_first_argument_name.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast as ast;
 use ruff_python_ast::ParameterWithDefault;
 use ruff_python_codegen::Stylist;
+use ruff_python_semantic::analyze::class::is_metaclass;
 use ruff_python_semantic::analyze::function_type;
 use ruff_python_semantic::{Scope, ScopeKind, SemanticModel};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
@@ -190,22 +191,34 @@ pub(crate) fn invalid_first_argument_name(
         panic!("Expected ScopeKind::Function")
     };
 
-    let Some(parent) = checker.semantic().first_non_type_parent_scope(scope) else {
+    let semantic = checker.semantic();
+
+    let Some(parent_scope) = semantic.first_non_type_parent_scope(scope) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let ScopeKind::Class(parent) = parent_scope.kind else {
         return;
     };
 
     let function_type = match function_type::classify(
         name,
         decorator_list,
-        parent,
-        checker.semantic(),
+        parent_scope,
+        semantic,
         &checker.settings.pep8_naming.classmethod_decorators,
         &checker.settings.pep8_naming.staticmethod_decorators,
     ) {
         function_type::FunctionType::Function | function_type::FunctionType::StaticMethod => {
             return;
         }
-        function_type::FunctionType::Method => FunctionType::Method,
+        function_type::FunctionType::Method => {
+            if is_metaclass(parent, semantic) {
+                FunctionType::ClassMethod
+            } else {
+                FunctionType::Method
+            }
+        }
         function_type::FunctionType::ClassMethod => FunctionType::ClassMethod,
     };
     if !checker.enabled(function_type.rule()) {

crates/ruff_python_semantic/src/analyze/class.rs

@@ -110,3 +110,13 @@ pub fn is_enumeration(class_def: &ast::StmtClassDef, semantic: &SemanticModel) -
         )
     })
 }
+
+/// Returns `true` if the given class is a metaclass.
+pub fn is_metaclass(class_def: &ast::StmtClassDef, semantic: &SemanticModel) -> bool {
+    any_qualified_name(class_def, semantic, &|qualified_name| {
+        matches!(
+            qualified_name.segments(),
+            ["" | "builtins", "type"] | ["abc", "ABCMeta"] | ["enum", "EnumMeta" | "EnumType"]
+        )
+    })
+}

crates/ruff_python_semantic/src/analyze/function_type.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::name::{QualifiedName, UnqualifiedName};
 use ruff_python_ast::{Decorator, Expr, Stmt, StmtExpr, StmtFunctionDef, StmtRaise};
 
 use crate::model::SemanticModel;
-use crate::scope::{Scope, ScopeKind};
+use crate::scope::Scope;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum FunctionType {
@@ -17,29 +17,20 @@ pub enum FunctionType {
 pub fn classify(
     name: &str,
     decorator_list: &[Decorator],
-    scope: &Scope,
+    parent_scope: &Scope,
     semantic: &SemanticModel,
     classmethod_decorators: &[String],
     staticmethod_decorators: &[String],
 ) -> FunctionType {
-    let ScopeKind::Class(class_def) = &scope.kind else {
+    if !parent_scope.kind.is_class() {
         return FunctionType::Function;
     };
     if decorator_list
         .iter()
         .any(|decorator| is_static_method(decorator, semantic, staticmethod_decorators))
     {
         FunctionType::StaticMethod
-    } else if matches!(name, "__new__" | "__init_subclass__" | "__class_getitem__")
-    // Special-case class method, like `__new__`.
-        || class_def.bases().iter().any(|expr| {
-            // The class itself extends a known metaclass, so all methods are class methods.
-            semantic
-                .resolve_qualified_name(map_callable(expr))
-                .is_some_and( |qualified_name| {
-                    matches!(qualified_name.segments(), ["" | "builtins", "type"] | ["abc", "ABCMeta"])
-                })
-        })
+    } else if matches!(name, "__new__" | "__init_subclass__" | "__class_getitem__")  // Special-case class method, like `__new__`.
         || decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| is_class_method(decorator, semantic, classmethod_decorators))
     {
         FunctionType::ClassMethod