Support user-supplied profiles

[jlaneve]

Description

This PR extends the ProfileConfig interface to support two modes:

1. the profile mapping, which takes an Airflow connection and translates it to a dbt profile
2. a user-supplied profile file

When using a profile mapping, you can do one of the following:

1. Use the AutomaticProfileMapping class to auto-select a profile mapping

ProfileConfig(
    profile_name="default",
    target_name="dev",
    profile_mapping=get_automatic_profile_mapping(
        conn_id="airflow_db",
        args={"schema": "public"},
    ),
)

2. Specify a specific profile mapping

ProfileConfig(
    profile_name="default",
    target_name="dev",
    profile_=PostgresUserPasswordProfileMapping(
        conn_id="airflow_db",
        profile_args={"schema": "public"},
    ),
)

When using your own profile, you can supply the path_to_profiles_yml:

ProfileConfig(
    profile_name="default",
    target_name="dev",
    path_to_profiles_yml=DBT_ROOT_PATH / "jaffle_shop" / "profiles.yml",
)

Related Issue(s)

closes #336
closes #269

Breaking Change?

This changes the ProfileConfig class, which isn't yet user-facing.

Checklist

• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (if required)
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 90.90% and project coverage change: -0.26% ⚠️

Comparison is base (e1ff962) 91.46% compared to head (203c963) 91.21%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #390      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.46%   91.21%   -0.26%     
==========================================
  Files          48       48              
  Lines        1664     1684      +20     
==========================================
+ Hits         1522     1536      +14     
- Misses        142      148       +6     

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
cosmos/operators/base.py	97.75% <ø> (ø)
cosmos/config.py	92.50% <81.25%> (-7.50%)	⬇️
cosmos/operators/local.py	78.89% <91.66%> (-2.02%)	⬇️
cosmos/profiles/base.py	94.68% <92.30%> (-0.50%)	⬇️
cosmos/converter.py	97.05% <100.00%> (+0.08%)	⬆️
cosmos/dbt/graph.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
cosmos/profiles/__init__.py	96.00% <100.00%> (+3.14%)	⬆️
cosmos/profiles/snowflake/user_pass.py	96.42% <100.00%> (ø)
cosmos/profiles/snowflake/user_privatekey.py	96.55% <100.00%> (ø)

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[tatiana]

I've successfully run basic_cosmos_dag from this branch.

Some comments are in line. Given the timelines, I added "major" to the ones I think are more relevant.