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ENH: use formatting (**, ``) for Terms/Abbreviations items
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Also added consistency in referencing "resting state" task
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yarikoptic committed May 10, 2019
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Expand Up @@ -9,69 +9,68 @@ interpreted as described in [[RFC2119](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt)].
Throughout this specification we use a list of terms and abbreviations. To avoid
misunderstanding we clarify them here.

1. Dataset - a set of neuroimaging and behavioral data acquired for a purpose
of a particular study. A dataset consists of data acquired from one or more
subjects, possibly from multiple sessions.

1. Subject - a person or animal participating in the study. Used
interchangeably with term Participant.

1. Session - a logical grouping of neuroimaging and behavioral data consistent
across subjects. Session can (but doesn't have to) be synonymous to a visit
in a longitudinal study. In general, subjects will stay in the scanner
during one session. However, for example, if a subject has to leave the
scanner room and then be re-positioned on the scanner bed, the set of MRI
acquisitions will still be considered as a session and match sessions
1. **Dataset** - a set of neuroimaging and behavioral data acquired for a
purpose of a particular study. A dataset consists of data acquired from one
or more subjects, possibly from multiple sessions.

1. **Subject** - a person or animal participating in the study. Used
interchangeably with term **Participant**.

1. **Session** - a logical grouping of neuroimaging and behavioral data
consistent across subjects. Session can (but doesn't have to) be synonymous
to a visit in a longitudinal study. In general, subjects will stay in the
scanner during one session. However, for example, if a subject has to leave
the scanner room and then be re-positioned on the scanner bed, the set of
MRI acquisitions will still be considered as a session and match sessions
acquired in other subjects. Similarly, in situations where different data
types are obtained over several visits (for example fMRI on one day followed
by DWI the day after) those can be grouped in one session. Defining multiple
sessions is appropriate when several identical or similar data acquisitions
are planned and performed on all -or most- subjects, often in the case of
some intervention between sessions (e.g., training).

1. Data acquisition - a continuous uninterrupted block of time during which a
brain scanning instrument was acquiring data according to particular
1. **Data acquisition** - a continuous uninterrupted block of time during which
a brain scanning instrument was acquiring data according to particular
scanning sequence/protocol.

1. Data type - a functional group of different types of data. In BIDS we define
six data types: func (task based and resting state functional MRI), dwi
(diffusion weighted imaging), fmap (field inhomogeneity mapping data such as
field maps), anat (structural imaging such as T1, T2, etc.), meg
(magnetoencephalography), beh (behavioral).
1. **Data type** - a functional group of different types of data. In BIDS we
define six data types: `func` (task based and resting state functional MRI),
`dwi` (diffusion weighted imaging), `fmap` (field inhomogeneity mapping data
such as field maps), `anat` (structural imaging such as T1, T2, etc.), `meg`
(magnetoencephalography), `beh` (behavioral).

1. Task - a set of structured activities performed by the participant. Tasks
are usually accompanied by stimuli and responses, and can greatly vary in
complexity. For the purpose of this specification we consider the so-called
1. **Task** - a set of structured activities performed by the participant.
Tasks are usually accompanied by stimuli and responses, and can greatly vary
in complexity. For the purpose of this specification we consider the so-called
“resting state” a task. In the context of brain scanning, a task is always
tied to one data acquisition. Therefore, even if during one acquisition the
subject performed multiple conceptually different behaviors (with different
sets of instructions) they will be considered one (combined) task.

1. Event - a stimulus or subject response recorded during a task. Each event
has an onset time and duration. Note that not all tasks will have recorded
events (e.g., resting state).
1. **Event** - a stimulus or subject response recorded during a task. Each
event has an onset time and duration. Note that not all tasks will have
recorded events (e.g., resting state).

1. Run - an uninterrupted repetition of data acquisition that has the same
1. **Run** - an uninterrupted repetition of data acquisition that has the same
acquisition parameters and task (however events can change from run to run
due to different subject response or randomized nature of the stimuli). Run
is a synonym of a data acquisition.

1. `<index>` - a numeric value, possibly prefixed with arbitrary number of 0s
for consistent indentation, e.g., it is `01` in `run-01` following
`run-<index>` specification.
1. **`<index>`** - a numeric value, possibly prefixed with arbitrary number of
0s for consistent indentation, e.g., it is `01` in `run-01` following
`run-<index>` specification.

1. `<label>` - an alphanumeric value, possibly prefixed with arbitrary number of
0s for consistent indentation, e.g., it is `rest` in `task-rest` following
`task-<label>` specification.
1. **`<label>`** - an alphanumeric value, possibly prefixed with arbitrary
number of 0s for consistent indentation, e.g., it is `rest` in `task-rest`
following `task-<label>` specification.

1. `suffix` - a portion of the file name with `key-value_` pairs (thus after the
final `_`), right before the File extension.
1. **`suffix`** - a portion of the file name with `key-value_` pairs (thus after
the final `_`), right before the **File extension**.

1. File extension - a portion of the the file name after the left-most period
(`.`) preceded by any other alphanumeric (so `.gitignore` does not have a
1. **File extension** - a portion of the the file name after the left-most
period (`.`) preceded by any other alphanumeric (so `.gitignore` does not have a
suffix)


## Compulsory, optional, and additional data and metadata

The following standard describes a way of arranging data and writing down
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