Overview

This repository contains a lightweight library for evaluating language models. We are open sourcing it so we can be transparent about the accuracy numbers we're publishing alongside our latest models (starting with gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09 and gpt-4o).

Evals are sensitive to prompting, and there's significant variation in the formulations used in recent publications and libraries. Some use few-shot prompts or role playing prompts ("You are an expert software programmer..."). These approaches are carryovers from evaluating base models (rather than instruction/chat-tuned models) and from models that were worse at following instructions.

For this library, we are emphasizing the zero-shot, chain-of-thought setting, with simple instructions like "Solve the following multiple choice problem". We believe that this prompting technique is a better reflection of the models' performance in realistic usage.

We will not be actively maintaining this repository and monitoring PRs and Issues. In particular, we're not accepting new evals. Here are the changes we might accept.

• Bug fixes (hopefully not needed!)
• Adding adapters for new models
• Adding new rows to the table below with eval results, given new models and new system prompts.

This repository is NOT intended as a replacement for https://github.com/openai/evals, which is designed to be a comprehensive collection of a large number of evals.

Evals

This repository currently contains the following evals:

• MMLU: Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding, reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300, https://github.com/hendrycks/test, MIT License
• MATH: Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset, reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03874, https://github.com/hendrycks/math, MIT License
• GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark, reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12022, https://github.com/idavidrein/gpqa/, MIT License
• DROP: A Reading Comprehension Benchmark Requiring Discrete Reasoning Over Paragraphs, reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00161, https://allenai.org/data/drop, Apache License 2.0
• MGSM: Multilingual Grade School Math Benchmark (MGSM), Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners, reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03057, https://github.com/google-research/url-nlp, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY)
• HumanEval: Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code, reference https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374, https://github.com/openai/human-eval, MIT License

Samplers

We have implemented sampling interfaces for the following language model APIs:

• OpenAI: https://platform.openai.com/docs/overview
• Claude: https://www.anthropic.com/api

Make sure to set the *_API_KEY environment variables before using these APIs.

Setup

Due to the optional dependencies, we're not providing a unified setup mechanism. Instead, we're providing instructions for each eval and sampler.

For HumanEval (python programming)

git clone https://github.com/openai/human-eval
pip install -e human-eval

For the OpenAI API:

pip install openai

For the Anthropic API:

pip install anthropic

Demo

python -m simple-evals.demo

This will launch evaluations through the OpenAI API.

Benchmark Results

Model	Prompt	MMLU	GPQA	MATH	HumanEval	MGSM	DROP (F1,3-shot)
OPENAI GPT4s
gpt-4o	chatgpt1	88.7	53.6	76.6	90.2	90.5	83.4
gpt-4o	assistant2	87.2	49.9	76.6	91.0	89.9	83.7
gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09	chatgpt	86.5	49.1	72.2	87.6	88.6	85.4
gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09	assistant	86.7	49.3	73.4	88.2	89.6	86.0
gpt-4-1106(-vision)-preview	chatgpt	84.6	42.1	64.1	82.2	86.5	81.3
gpt-4-1106(-vision)-preview	assistant	84.7	42.5	64.3	83.7	87.1	83.2
gpt-4-0125-preview	chatgpt	84.8	39.7	64.2	88.2	83.7	83.4
gpt-4-0125-preview	assistant	85.4	41.4	64.5	86.6	85.1	81.5
REFERENCE-RERUN
Claude-3-Opus (rerun w/ api)	empty3	84.1	49.7	63.2	84.8	89.7	79.0
Claude-3-Opus (rerun w/ api)	lmsys4	84.2	50.7	63.8	82.9	89.2	77.1
Llama3 70b (rerun w/ api)	empty	80.2	41.3	52.8	70.1	82.6	81.4
REFERENCE-REPORT		(5-shot)
Claude-3-Opus (report5)	unknown	86.8	50.4	60.1	84.9	90.7	83.1
Gemini-Ultra-1.0 (report6)	unknown	83.7	n/a	53.2	74.4	79.0	82.4
Gemini-Pro-1.5 (report6)	unknown	81.9	n/a	58.5	71.9	88.7	78.9
Llama3 8b (report7)	unknown	68.4	34.2	30.0	62.2	n/a	58.4
Llama3 70b (report7)	unknown	82.0	39.5	50.4	81.7	n/a	79.7
Llama3 400b (still training, report7)	unknown	86.1	48.0	57.8	84.1	n/a	83.5

Legal Stuff

By contributing to evals, you are agreeing to make your evaluation logic and data under the same MIT license as this repository. You must have adequate rights to upload any data used in an eval. OpenAI reserves the right to use this data in future service improvements to our product. Contributions to OpenAI evals will be subject to our usual Usage Policies: https://platform.openai.com/docs/usage-policies.

Footnotes

1. chatgpt system message: "You are ChatGPT, a large language model trained by OpenAI, based on the GPT-4 architecture.\nKnowledge cutoff: 2023-12\nCurrent date: 2024-04-01" ↩

2. assistant system message in OpenAI API doc: "You are a helpful assistant." . ↩

3. claude-3 empty system message: suggested by Anthropic API doc, and we have done limited experiments due to rate limit issues, but we welcome PRs with alternative choices. ↩

4. claude-3 lmsys system message: system message in LMSYS Fast-chat open source code: "The assistant is Claude, created by Anthropic. The current date is {{currentDateTime}}. Claude's knowledge base was last updated ... ". We have done limited experiments due to rate limit issues, but we welcome PRs with alternative choices. ↩

5. claude-3 reports: https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-family. ↩

6. gemini-1.5 reports: https://goo.gle/GeminiV1-5, we dont have rerun results due to rate_limit issues and paid-as-you-go version are still "coming at May 14" by the time of this study on 05/11. ↩ ↩²

7. Llama 3 tech report: https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3/. Note Llama 400b is still training and these numbers are based on the best of their pretrain/instruct Llama 400b numbers. ↩ ↩² ↩³