unrealsdk

A library to help interact with unreal engine objects from another module in the same address space.

Usage Overview

To start, you need to initialize the sdk. This is called with a reference to an AbstractHook - the sdk can work with multiple (somewhat similar) UE versions from a single binary, so you need to tell it how exactly to hook everything. The easiest way is to let it autodetect.

unrealsdk::init(unrealsdk::game::select_based_on_executable);

If this doesn't work correctly, you can always implement your own version (and then merge it back into this project).

If you link against the sdk as a shared library, it automatically initializes like this for you.

After initializing, you probably want to setup some hooks. The sdk can run callbacks whenever an unreal function is hooked, allowing you to interact with it's args, and mess with it's execution. Exact hook semantics are better documented in the hook_manager.h header.

bool on_main_menu(unrealsdk::hook_manager::Details& hook) {
    LOG(INFO, "Reached main menu!");
    return false;
}

unrealsdk::hook_manager::add_hook(L"WillowGame.FrontendGFxMovie:Start",
                                  unrealsdk::hook_manager::Type::PRE, L"main_menu_hook",
                                  &on_main_menu);

Once your hook runs, you start having access to unreal objects. You can generally interact with any unreal value (such as the properties on an object) through the templated get and set functions. These functions take the expected property type as a template arg (and will throw exceptions if it doesn't appear to line up). All property accesses are evaluated at runtime, meaning you don't need to generate an sdk specific to your game.

auto paused = hook.args->get<UBoolProperty>(L"StartPaused"_fn);

auto idx = hook.obj->get<UIntProperty>(L"MessageOfTheDayIdx"_fn);
auto motd_array = hook.obj->get<UArrayProperty>(L"MessagesOfTheDay"_fn);
motd_array.get_at<UStructProperty>(idx).set<UStrProperty>(L"Body"_fn, L"No MOTD today");

auto op_string = hook.obj->get<UFunction, BoundFunction>(L"BuildOverpowerPromptString"_fn)
                    .call<UStrProperty, UIntProperty, UIntProperty>(1, 10);

Environment Variables

A few environment variables adjust the sdk's behaviour. Note that not all variables are used in all build configurations.

Environment Variable	Usage
UNREALSDK_ENV_FILE	A file containing environment variables to load, relative to the dll. Defaults to unrealsdk.env. More below.
UNREALSDK_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE	If defined, creates an external console window mirroring what is written to the game's console. Always enabled in debug builds.
UNREALSDK_LOG_FILE	The file to write log messages to, relative to the dll. Defaults to unrealsdk.log.
UNREALSDK_LOG_LEVEL	Changes the default logging level used in the unreal console. May use either the level names or their numerical values.
UNREALSDK_GAME_OVERRIDE	Override the executable name used for game detection.
UNREALSDK_UPROPERTY_SIZE	Changes the size the UProperty class is assumed to have.
UNREALSDK_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT	Changes the alignment used when calling the unreal memory allocation functions.
UNREALSDK_CONSOLE_KEY	Changes the default console key which is set when one is not already bound.
UNREALSDK_UCONSOLE_CONSOLE_COMMAND_VF_INDEX	Overrides the virtual function index used when hooking UConsole::ConsoleCommand.
UNREALSDK_UCONSOLE_OUTPUT_TEXT_VF_INDEX	Overrides the virtual function index used when calling UConsole::OutputText.
UNREALSDK_LOCKING_PROCESS_EVENT	If defined, locks simultaneous ProcessEvent calls from different threads. This is used both for hooks and for calling unreal functions - external code must take care wrt. deadlocks.
UNREALSDK_LOG_ALL_CALLS_FILE	After enabling unrealsdk::hook_manager::log_all_calls, the file to write calls to.

You can also define any of these in an env file, which will automatically be loaded when the sdk starts (excluding UNREALSDK_ENV_FILE of course). This file should contain lines of equals separated key-value pairs, noting that whitespace is not stripped (outside of the trailing newline). A line is ignored if it does not contain an equals sign, or if it defines a variable which already exists.

UNREALSDK_LOG_LEVEL=MISC
UNREALSDK_CONSOLE_KEY=Quote

You can also use this file to load environment variables for other plugins (assuming they don't check them too early), it's not limited to just those used by the sdk.

Linking Against the SDK

The sdk requires at least C++20, primarily for templated lambdas. It also makes great use of std::format, though if this is not available it tries to fall back to using fmtlib. Linking against the sdk thus requires your own projects to use at least C++20 too.

To link against the sdk, simply clone the repo (including submodules), add it as a subdirectory, and link against the unrealsdk target.

git clone --recursive https://github.com/bl-sdk/unrealsdk.git

add_submodule(path/to/unrealsdk)
target_link_libraries(MyProject PRIVATE unrealsdk)

You can configure the sdk by setting a few variables before including it:

• UNREALSDK_UE_VERSION - The unreal engine version to build the SDK for. One of UE3 or UE4. These versions are different enough that supporting them from a single binary is difficult.
• UNREALSDK_ARCH - The architecture to build the sdk for. One of x86 or x64. Will be double checked at compile time.
• UNREALSDK_SHARED - If set, compiles as a shared library instead of as an object.

Shared Library

The sdk contains a decent amount of internal state, meaning it's not possible to inject twice into the same process. At it's simplest, any detours on unreal functions will change their signatures, so a second instance won't be able to find them again. If two programs both want to use the sdk in the same game process, they will have to link against the shared library.

The included shared library initializes based on executable. If you need custom initialization, you can create your own shared library by linking against the object library and defining the UNREALSDK_SHARED and UNREALSDK_EXPORTING macros.

Cross-Compiler ABI

One of the goals of the shared library implementation is have a stable cross-compiler ABI - i.e. allowing developing one program while also running another which you downloaded a precompiled version of.

In order to do this, the exported functions try to use a pure C interface. Since the sdk heavily relies on C++ features (e.g. all the templates), it's impractical to export everything this way. Instead, it only exports the bare minimum functions which interact with internal state. Some of these rely on private wrapper functions, which do things like decompose strings into pointer and length, not everything's exposed in the headers.

There is one assumption we rely on for these exported functions to work properly, where we can't quite stick with pure C:

• Both dlls share the same exception ABI. While none of the exported functions intentionally throw, it's impossible to completely avoid an exception travelling between modules - we can't stop a client from throwing during a hook, meaning an exception would travel from the client dll through to the sdk.

This turns out to be a bit of a problem - MSVC and GNU have different exception ABIs. Clang supports both. Practically, this means when cross compiling, you should either compile everything from scratch, or setup Clang to build with the MSVC ABI. See this blog post for more info.

Running Builds

As previously mentioned, the sdk can be configured to create a shared library. This is useful when developing for the sdk itself, it's the minimal configuration to get it running. The CMake presets are set up to build this.

Note that you will need to use some game specific plugin loader to get the dll loaded. It is not set up to alias any system dlls (since when actually using it as a library you don't want that), you can't just call it d3d9.dll and assume your game will load fine.

To build:

1. Clone the repo (including submodules).

   git clone --recursive https://github.com/bl-sdk/unrealsdk.git
   

2. (OPTIONAL) Copy postbuild.template, and edit it to copy files to your game install directories.

3. Choose a preset, and run CMake. Most IDEs will be able to do this for you,

   cmake . --preset msvc-ue4-x64-debug
   cmake --build out/build/msvc-ue4-x64-debug
   

4. (OPTIONAL) If you're debugging a game on Steam, add a steam_appid.txt in the same folder as the executable, containing the game's Steam App Id.

   Normally, games compiled with Steamworks will call SteamAPI_RestartAppIfNecessary, which will drop your debugger session when launching the exe directly - adding this file prevents that. Not only does this let you debug from entry, it also unlocks some really useful debugger features which you can't access from just an attach (i.e. Visual Studio's Edit and Continue).