CIP-0108? | Governance Metadata - Governance Actions

CIP-0108/README.md

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+---
+CIP: 108
+Title: Governance Metadata - Governance Actions
+Category: Metadata
+Status: Proposed
+Authors:
+  - Ryan Williams <[email protected]>
+Implementors: [ ]
+Discussions:
+  - https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/pull/632
+  - https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/pull/748
+  - https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/issues/757
+Created: 2023-11-23
+License: CC-BY-4.0
+---
+
+## Abstract
+The Conway ledger era ushers in on-chain governance for Cardano via [CIP-1694 | A First Step Towards On-Chain Decentralized Governance](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/master/CIP-1694/README.md), with the addition of many new on-chain governance artifacts.
+Some of these artifacts support the linking off-chain metadata, as a way to provide context.
+
+The [CIP-100 | Governance Metadata](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/tree/master/CIP-0100) standard provides a base framework for how all off-chain governance metadata should be formed and handled.
+But this is intentionally limited in scope, so that it can be expanded upon by more specific subsequent CIPs.
+
+This proposal aims to provide a specification for off-chain metadata vocabulary can be used to give context to governance actions, CIP-100.
+Without a sufficiently detailed standard for governance actions we introduce the possibility to undermine voters ability to adequately assess governance actions.
+Furthermore a lack of such standards risks preventing interoperability between tools, to the detriment of user experiences.
+
+### Acknowledgments
+
+<details>
+  <summary><strong>Governance Metadata Working Group - Workshop #1 2023-12-04</strong></summary>
+
+  I would like to thank those that contributed to the Governance Metadata Working Group Workshop #1 hosted by Ryan Williams ([see presentation slides with notes](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18OK3vXexCc8ZXq-dC00RDPPKcy2Zu4DiMo8PeIZ47_4/)).
+
+  Thank you to the co-hosts:
+  - Adam Dean
+  - Thomas Upfield
+
+  Thank you to the participants:
+  - Carlos Lopez de Lara
+  - Igor Veličković
+  - Johnny Kelly
+  - Kenric Nelson
+  - Kevin Hammond
+  - Lorenzo Bruno
+  - Mike Susko
+  - Rhys Morgan
+  - Eric Alton
+  - Samuel Leathers
+  - Vladimir Kalnitsky
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary><strong>Governance Metadata Working Group - Workshop #2 2023-12-14</strong></summary>
+
+  I would like to thank those that contributed to the Governance Metadata Working Group Workshop #2 hosted by Ryan Williams ([see presentation slides with notes](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tFsyQnONjwyTm7zKrnxxedzWsoonO6-8vXw5vYzB3qs)).
+
+  Thank you to the co-host:
+  - Adam Dean
+
+  Thank you to the participants:
+  - Mark Byers
+  - Nils Codes
+
+  Thank you to the bots that joined also.
+
+</details>
+
+## Motivation: why is this CIP necessary?
+Blockchains are poor choices to act as content databases.
+This is why governance metadata anchors were chosen to provide a way to attach long form metadata content to on-chain events.
+By only supplying an onchain hash of the off-chain we ensure correctness of data whilst minimizing the amount of data posted to the chain.
+
+### For voters
+When observing from the chain level, tooling can only see the content of the governance action and it's anchor.
+These on-chain components do not give give any context to the motivation nor off-chain discussion of an governance action.
+Although this information would likely be desired context for voters.
+By providing rich contextual metadata we enable voters to make well informed decisions.
+
+### For all participants
+By standardizing off-chain metadata formats we facilitate interoperability for tooling which creates and/or renders metadata attached to governance actions.
+This intern promotes a rich user experience between tooling.
+This is good for all governance participants.
+
+## Specification
+Although there are seven types of governance action defined via CIP-1694, we focus this proposal on defining core properties which must be attached to all types.
+We leave room for future standards to refine and specialize further to cater more specific for each type of governance action.
+
+## New `witness` Type
+Here we extend the potential witnesses, with a `witnessAlgorithm` that can be set to include support for [CIP-08 | Message Signing](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/tree/master/CIP-0008) standard, indicated by `CIP-0008`.
+When `CIP-0008` algorithm is chosen a `publicKey` (set to a base-16 encoded ed25519 public key) property must be present along with a `cip8SignedMessage` property.
+Where the `cip8SignedMessage` is produced by (blake2b-256) hash digest of the canonicalized of the `body` inside of a COSE envelope.
+Where the key will be used to sign the `COSE_Sign1`'s `Sig_structure` with the following headers set:
+* `alg` (1) - must be set to `EdDSA` (-8)
+
+
+from [CIP-30](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/master/CIP-0030/README.md#apisigndataaddr-address-payload-bytes-promisedatasignature).
+
+//todo: clean up
+
+### Markdown Text Styling
+This standard introduces the possibility of using [Github markdown text styling](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax#styling-text) within fields.
+
+### Extended Vocabulary
+The following properties extend the potential vocabulary of [CIP-100](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/tree/master/CIP-0100)'s `body` property.
+
+#### `title`
+- A very short freefrom text field. Limited to `80` characters.
+- This SHOULD NOT support markdown text styling.
+- Authors SHOULD use this field to succinctly describe the governance action and its motivation.
+- Authors SHOULD attempt to make this field unique whilst also avoiding hyperbolic language.
+- i.e; Increase K protocol parameter to `100,000` to increase decentralization of Cardano.
+
+#### `abstract`
+- A short freefrom text field. Limited to `2500` characters.
+- This SHOULD support markdown text styling.
+- Authors SHOULD use this field to expand upon their `title` by describing the contents of the governance action, its motivation and rationale.
+
+#### `motivation`
+- A freeform text field.
+- This SHOULD support markdown text styling.
+- This SHOULD be used by the author to encapsulate all context around the problem that is being solved by the on-chain action.
+- This SHOULD be used to outline the related stakeholders and use cases. 
+
+#### `rationale`
+- A freeform text field.
+- This SHOULD support markdown text styling.
+- This SHOULD be used by the author to discuss how the content of the governance action addresses the problem outlined within the `motivation`.
+- This field SHOULD justify the changes being made to Cardano.
+- i.e "by decreasing X parameter by Y we increase Ada earned by SPOs, thus incentivising more people to become SPOs, leading to a more diverse network"
+- This SHOULD provide evidence of consensus within the community and discuss significant objections or concerns raised during the discussion.
+- This SHOULD include discussion of alternative solutions and related topics/ governance actions.
+- This SHOULD include any recommendations made by relevant organizations or committees.
+
+#### `references`
+- We extend CIP-100's references field.
+- This SHOULD NOT support markdown text styling.
+- To be an OPTIONAL set of objects, using the `@set` property.
+- Each object MUST have a `label` field to describe the reference, such as; "blog - Why we must continue to fund Catalyst".
+- Each object MUST have a `uri` field.
+- Each object MAY have a OPTIONAL `referenceHash` object.
+  - Each object MUST have a `hashDigest` field.
+  - Each object MUST have a `hashAlgorithm` field, which is inherited from CIP-100.
+- This should be used by the author to link related or supporting work via the URI, and reference this via the index within their freefrom text fields.
+
+### Application
+Governance action metadata must include all compulsory fields to be considered CIP-0108 compliant.
+As this is an extension to CIP-100, all CIP-100 fields can be included within CIP-108 compliant metadata.
+
+### Test Vector
+See [test-vector.md](./test-vector.md) for examples.
+
+### Versioning
+This proposal should not be versioned, to update this standard a new CIP should be proposed.
+Although through the JSON-LD mechanism further CIPs can add to the common governance metadata vocabulary,
+
+## Rationale: how does this CIP achieve its goals?
+We intentionally have kept this proposal brief and uncomplicated.
+This was to reduce the time to develop and deploy this standard.
+We think it is better to have a base standard which can be improved, rather than meticulously craft a perfect single standard.
+This way we enable tooling which depends on this standard to start development.
+Furthermore, it is very difficult to predict future wants/needs now, so by allowing upgrades we build in the ability to improve the standard as new wants/needs arrive.
+
+The fields which have been chosen for this standard heavily inspired to those used for CIPs.
+We did this for two reasons; familiarity and competency.
+Those who are involved in Cardano are familiar with the CIP format, meaning they will be intuitively understand these fields being reused here.
+These fields in combination have also been fairly battle tested via the CIPs process and thus act as a good standard to describe problems and their solutions.
+
+### New `witness` type
+We introduce a new witness type to be able to reuse existing dApp-Wallet infrastructure.
+The type as described allows for reuse of the CIP-30 signData standard, which means that governance dApps are able to implement this without needing any alterations to existing wallets.
+
+### Markdown Text Styling
+We choose to introduce rich text standard here because we see significant value in supporting it.
+Rich text styling improves the ability for the author to express themselves.
+Furthermore, most potential voters are use to such standards when reviewing metadata.
+
+### Character Limits
+With this design, we wanted to allow for quick and easy differentiation between governance actions.
+We achieve this by facilitating users "layers of investigation", where some fields are limited in size.
+This encourages tooling providers to show users the small fields before allowing deep investigation of the larger fields.
+By allowing this we aim to improve the experience of prospective voters, when sorting though many governance actions.
+
+The downside of highlighting some fields over others is that we incentivize hyperbolic and eye catching phrases. 
+Where authors want their governance action to standout in tooling so use overly dramatic phrasing.
+This creates an environment where there is a race to the bottom on voter's attention.
+Overall this could decrease the perceived legitimacy of the system.
+The counter argument is that tooling providers should not use metadata to solely highlight proposals, rather other means such as cryptographically verified submitters.
+
+### `title`
+This should be used by voters to quickly and easily differentiate between two governance actions which may be having the same or similar on-chain effects.
+This is why we have chosen a short character limit, as longer titles would reduce the ability for quick reading.
+
+### `abstract`
+This gives voters one step more detail beyond the `title`.
+This allows for a compact description of the what, why and how without the voter having to read the larger fields.
+
+### `motivation`
+The `motivation` is a chance for the author to fully describe the problem that is being solved by the governance action.
+This is important as all governance actions are a solution to a problem and thus this is a universal field.
+By showing relation to stakeholders the author is able to show that they have performed adequate research on the problem.
+Voters can use this field to determine if the problem is sizable enough to warrant voting on.
+
+### `rationale`
+This field gives the author the opportunity to explain how the onchain action is addressing the problem outlined in the motivation.
+This gives the author a place to discuss any alternative designs or completing governance actions.
+Voters should be able to use this field to evaluate the applicability of the solution to the problem.
+
+### `references`
+References give the author ability to point to supporting research or related work.
+These should be used by voters to verify the content of supporting research.
+The inclusion of a hash allows for the supporting documentation to be cryptographically verified.
+
+### Open Questions
+- <s>Should fields be optional or compulsory?</s>
+  - Title, abstract, motivation and rationale should be compulsory as they should be very important to the ability 
+- <s>How much vocabulary can be extended to other onchain governance events?</s>
+  - It is hard to predict how the scope of future standards before they have been developed.
+- <s>How to integrate custom set of HTML tags? to allow formatting of longer text fields.</s>
+  - Since CIP-100 does not intend to support rich text fields such an inclusion would not fit, so we have included such format here.
+
+## Path to Active
+
+### Acceptance Criteria
+- [ ] This standard is supported by two different tooling providers used to submit governance actions to chain.
+- [ ] This standard is supported by two different chain indexing tools, used to read and render metadata.
+
+### Implementation Plan
+Solicitation of feedback
+- [x] Run two online workshops to gather insights from stakeholders.
+- [ ] Seek community answers on all [Open Questions](#open-questions).
+Implementation
+- [ ] Author to provide example metadata and schema files.
+
+## Copyright
+This CIP is licensed under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).

CIP-0108/cip-0108.common.jsonld

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+{
+    "@context": {
+        "CIP100": "https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/master/CIP-0100/README.md#",
+        "CIP108": "https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/master/CIP-0108/README.md#",
+        "hashAlgorithm": "CIP100:hashAlgorithm",
+        "body": {
+            "@id": "CIP108:body",
+            "@context": {
+                "references": {
+                    "@id": "CIP108:references",
+                    "@container": "@set",
+                    "@context": {
+                        "GovernanceMetadata": "CIP100:GovernanceMetadataReference",
+                        "Other": "CIP100:OtherReference",
+                        "label": "CIP100:reference-label",
+                        "uri": "CIP100:reference-uri",
+                        "referenceHash": {
+                            "@id": "CIP108:referenceHash",
+                            "@context": {
+                                "hashDigest": "CIP108:hashDigest",
+                                "hashAlgorithm": "CIP100:hashAlgorithm"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "title": "CIP108:title",
+                "abstract": "CIP108:abstract",
+                "motivation": "CIP108:motivation",
+                "rationale": "CIP108:rationale"
+            }
+        },
+        "authors": {
+            "@id": "CIP100:authors",
+            "@container": "@set",
+            "@context": {
+                "did": "@id",
+                "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
+                "witness": {
+                    "@id": "CIP100:witness",
+                    "@context": {
+                        "witnessAlgorithm": "CIP100:witnessAlgorithm",
+                        "publicKey": "CIP100:publicKey",
+                        "signature": "CIP100:signature"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}