Merge pull request #150 from casework/existence_intervals

Add BFO section of page for intervals of existence

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/README.md

@@ -216,4 +216,56 @@ _Aside_: A side-by-side view of the gUFO and OWL-Time coverage show that an onto
 | --- | --- |
 | ![Abstraction - OWL-Time Temporal Entity](figures/abstraction_time.svg) | ![Abstraction - gUFO Concrete Individual](figures/abstraction_gufo.svg) |
 
+
+## BFO
+
+(BFO version: [2020](https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020).)
+
+BFO's topmost class that describes an object that exists in a period of time is "Entity" (`obo:BFO_0000001`).  The direct subclasses "Continuant" and "Occurrent", which correspond with "Endurant" and "Perdurant" respectively, do not specialize the restrictions on the existence property "exists at".
+
+For reference, these are the class and property labels used in the illustration:
+
+| Structural type | IRI | Label | Notes |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000001` | (BFO 1) entity | |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000002` | (BFO 2) continuant | |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000003` | (BFO 3) occurrent | |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000008` | (BFO 8) temporal region | |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000038` | (BFO 38) one-dimensional temporal region | Not necessarily continuous (can have gaps). |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000148` | (BFO 148) zero-dimensional temporal region | "...a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts." |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000202` | (BFO 202) temporal interval | Subclass of BFO 38; continous (no gaps or breaks). |
+| `owl:Class` | `obo:BFO_0000203` | (BFO 203) temporal instant | Subclass of BFO 148; has no proper temporal parts. |
+| `owl:ObjectProperty` | `obo:BFO_0000108` | exists at | Range is BFO 8. |
+| `owl:ObjectProperty` | `obo:BFO_0000222` | has first instant | Range is constrained to BFO 203, not 148 (instant, not 0-d region). |
+| `owl:ObjectProperty` | `obo:BFO_0000224` | has last instant | (As with BFO 222.) |
+
+_Restrictions_:
+
+* Usage of the BFO properties 222 and 224 (first and last instant) restrict the alignment of `ex:Instant` to `obo:BFO_0000203` (temporal instant), which is more restrictive than `obo:BFO_0000148` (zero-dimensional temporal region).
+* If existence intervals are required by a BFO-adopting ontology ontology to be continuous, the adopting ontology must use `obo:BFO_0000202` (temporal interval) rather than `obo:BFO_0000038` (one-dimensional temporal region).
+
+The referenced version of BFO does not define any `owl:DatatypeProperty`s.
+
+![Abstraction - BFO Entity](figures/abstraction_bfo.svg)
+
+The mapping for BFO's `entity` (BFO-1) would be as follows:
+
+| Example class or triple | Corresponding class or triple |
+| --- | --- |
+| `ex:TimeBoundedThing` | `obo:BFO_0000001` |
+| `ex:ExistenceInterval` | `obo:BFO_0000038` |
+| `ex:Instant` | `obo:BFO_0000203` |
+| `kb:T ex:hasExistenceInterval kb:E` | `kb:T obo:BFO_0000108 kb:E` |
+| `kb:T ex:existsAtAndSince kb:T0` | N/A |
+| `kb:T ex:existsUntil kb:T1` | N/A |
+| `kb:T ex:hasCreationTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+| `kb:T ex:hasTerminationTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+| `kb:E ex:hasStart kb:T0` | `kb:E obo:BFO_0000222 kb:T0` |
+| `kb:E ex:hasEnd kb:T1` | `kb:E obo:BFO_0000224 kb:T1` |
+| `kb:E ex:hasBeginningTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+| `kb:E ex:hasEndingTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+| `kb:T0 ex:hasTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+| `kb:T1 ex:hasTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+
+
 [^1]: gUFO represents instantations that are not always true with `gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation`.  In the case where a person is temporarily a student, "student" is taken to be some subclass of "person" - e.g., `ex:Student rdfs:subClassOf ex:Person`.  For some time, it holds that `kb:person-3393... a ex:Student`, but this is not always true.  To hold this situationally-true statement in a knowledge graph, a `gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation` is included to note the conditions when `kb:person-3393...` is a `ex:Student`, instead of encoding the unqualified triple `kb:person-3393... a ex:Student`.  See `kb:TemporaryInstantiationSituation-da1aa582-1358-49bb-b058-4c33990fb9e8` in [`existence_intervals.json`](existence_intervals.json) for a demonstration of this representation.

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals.json

@@ -96,6 +96,14 @@
                 "@id": "ex:Person"
             }
         },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:Entity-52d479e6-4b3e-4a21-a60a-29b08397a315",
+            "@type": "obo:BFO_0000001",
+            "obo:BFO_0000108": {
+                "@id": "kb:OneDimensionalTemporalRegion-95fc3589-849b-406b-85c4-3b2119121f1e"
+            },
+            "rdfs:label": "T"
+        },
         {
             "@id": "kb:ExistenceInterval-27802c47-1c75-43fa-ab4b-fc01aa6c2c92",
             "@type": "time:Interval",
@@ -142,6 +150,17 @@
             "rdfs:comment": "A thing with a time-bounded existence.",
             "rdfs:label": "T"
         },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:OneDimensionalTemporalRegion-95fc3589-849b-406b-85c4-3b2119121f1e",
+            "@type": "obo:BFO_0000038",
+            "obo:BFO_0000222": {
+                "@id": "kb:TemporalInstant-19f182b4-6bc8-4ad8-a456-56fa15aec976"
+            },
+            "obo:BFO_0000224": {
+                "@id": "kb:TemporalInstant-3299e3a8-8d3e-43c7-a142-14bb41638669"
+            },
+            "rdfs:label": "E"
+        },
         {
             "@id": "kb:Person-3393dfc0-c765-4710-86db-8182c34de806",
             "@type": "ex:Person",
@@ -150,6 +169,16 @@
             },
             "rdfs:label": "J. Doe"
         },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:TemporalInstant-19f182b4-6bc8-4ad8-a456-56fa15aec976",
+            "@type": "obo:BFO_0000203",
+            "rdfs:label": "T0"
+        },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:TemporalInstant-3299e3a8-8d3e-43c7-a142-14bb41638669",
+            "@type": "obo:BFO_0000203",
+            "rdfs:label": "T1"
+        },
         {
             "@id": "kb:TemporaryInstantiationSituation-da1aa582-1358-49bb-b058-4c33990fb9e8",
             "@type": "gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation",

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/figures/Makefile

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ top_srcdir := $(shell cd ../../../.. ; pwd)
 
 all: \
   abstraction_all.svg \
+  abstraction_bfo.svg \
   abstraction_gufo.svg \
   abstraction_time.svg \
   abstraction_uco_1_3_0_action.svg \

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/figures/abstraction_bfo.dot

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+digraph "abstraction" {
+	n_t [label="T (object):\nA obo:BFO_0000001 (Entity)." color=blue fontcolor=blue] ;
+
+	n_e [label="E (object):\nThe existence interval of T.\nobo:BFO_0000038 (one-dimensional\ntemporal region)" color=blue fontcolor=blue] ;
+
+	n_t0 [label="T0 (object):\nThe instant that is the beginning of E.\nobo:BFO_0000203 (temporal instant)" color=blue fontcolor=blue];
+	n_t1 [label="T1 (object):\nThe instant that is the end of E.\nobo:BFO_0000203 (temporal instant)" color=blue fontcolor=blue];
+
+	l_ts0 [label="ts0 (literal):\n2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z" shape="box" color=silver fontcolor=silver];
+	l_ts1 [label="ts1 (literal):\n2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z" shape="box" color=silver fontcolor=silver];
+
+	n_t -> n_e [label="T hasExistenceInterval E\nobo:BFO_0000108 (exists at)" color=blue fontcolor=blue] ;
+	n_t -> n_t0 [label="T existsAtAndSince T0" color=silver fontcolor=silver] ;
+	n_t -> n_t1 [label="T existsUntil T1" color=silver fontcolor=silver] ;
+	n_t -> l_ts0 [label="T hasCreationTimestamp ts0" color=silver fontcolor=silver];
+	n_t -> l_ts1 [label="T hasTerminationTimestamp ts1" color=silver fontcolor=silver];
+
+	n_e -> n_t0 [label="E hasStart T0\nobo:BFO_0000222\n(has first instant)" color=blue fontcolor=blue];
+	n_e -> n_t1 [label="E hasEnd T1\nobo:BFO_0000224\n(has last instant)" color=blue fontcolor=blue];
+	n_e -> l_ts0 [label="E hasBeginningTimestamp ts0" color=silver fontcolor=silver] ;
+	n_e -> l_ts1 [label="E hasEndingTimestamp ts1" color=silver fontcolor=silver] ;
+
+	n_t0 -> l_ts0 [label="T0 hasTimestamp ts0" color=silver fontcolor=silver];
+	n_t1 -> l_ts1 [label="T1 hasTimestamp ts1" color=silver fontcolor=silver];
+}