add an env_with_source function to Arg

This is intended to resolve clap-rs#4607, and also my earlier request
clap-rs#5104 which was closed in favor of clap-rs#4607

This is obviously not as powerful as the plugin system envisioned here
clap-rs#4607 (comment)

but it is simple and might be a useful stopgap until such time as the plugin system exists.

Fixes clap-rs#4607

clap_builder/src/builder/arg.rs

@@ -2036,8 +2036,18 @@ impl Arg {
     #[inline]
     #[must_use]
     pub fn env(mut self, name: impl IntoResettable<OsStr>) -> Self {
+        self.env_with_source(name, std::env::var_os)
+    }
+
+    /// Read from `name` environment variable when argument is not present, using `env_source` function instead of `std::env::var_os` to access the environment.
+    ///
+    /// This is intended to be used for tests which you may want to isolate from the actual environment, or for wasm build targets and such.
+    #[cfg(feature = "env")]
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn env_with_source(mut self, name: impl IntoResettable<OsStr>, env_source: &fn(&OsStr) -> Option<OsString>) -> Self {
         if let Some(name) = name.into_resettable().into_option() {
-            let value = env::var_os(&name);
+            let value = env_source(&name);
             self.env = Some((name, value));
         } else {
             self.env = None;