PlantUML Database Support

chippyash/db-plantuml

What

1. Provides Plantuml !include files that you can use to create logical and physical database diagrams
2. Provides a (PHP) utility to turn the diagrams into DDL files to create your database.

PlantUml Support

• Tested with PlantUML V1.2021.12 - Graphviz version 2.43.0

2 definition files

• DatabaseLogical.iuml
• DatabasePhysical.iuml

Goal

To quickly create logical db designs that end users might understand and convert them to initial physical designs with additional functionality that can be turned into something developers will understand, i.e. a SQL Schema

Demo

• Open examples\User-Logical.puml and display the drawing
• Open examples\User-Physical.puml and display the drawing

Look at both files. The only difference between them is

• a/ the included file defined at top of definition
• b/ physical drawing has additional features
  • View
  • Trigger & trigger()
  • (Stored) Proc and uses()

The original logical definition was copy-pasta'd from the logical file to the physical file and renders automatically in physical form.

Take a look at the dist\*.iuml files. It's the subtle differences between the function declations that allows the transform to happen.

Installation

There is no real need to install this code base. You can access the required files remotely using the !includeurl directive.

You do however, need to install PlantUml!

Usage

1. Create your logical model to represent customer/user view
2. Copy logical model file to physical model file and change the !include statement. Amend as necessary.
3. (Optional) Generate the SQL DDL file to create your database

Logical Models

!include ../dist/DatabaseLogical.iuml

or

!includeurl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chippyash/db-plantuml/master/dist/DatabaseLogical.iuml

Logical model will display the following differently to their representation in a Physical model

Components

Table(alias, name="", description="")  //preferred
or 
Entity(alias, name="", description="") //psuedonym for Table

Type(alias, name="", description="")   //data type (enum)

Set(alias, name="", description="")    //data type (set)

Data types

string(l=30)
char(l=12)
text()
date()
time()
datetime()
int(l=8)
real()
bool()

NB string and int lengths do not display in logical models, but specify them if you know them as they will be displayed in physical models.

You can display other data types directly in your entity classes e.g.

Table(t1, foo) {
    bin_data blob
}

Type modifiers

not_null(name, type)
unsigned(name, l=8)  //unsigned integer with a name
_unsigned(l=8)       //unsigned integer, use with primary() etc

Indexes and keys

primary(name = 'id', type=_unsigned(8), auto=1)  //primary key
idx(name, type=int())      //non unique index - one member
idx2(name1, name2)         //non unique index - two members
idx3(name1, name2, name3)  //non unique index - three members

Relationships

zeromany(from, to, verb, tNum='n')
onemany(from, to, verb, tNum='n')
manymany(from, to, verbFrom, verbTo)
oneone(from, to, verb, keyname='id', type=int())
depends(from, to, colname)  //enum and set dependencies

There is an internal relationship _join

_join(from, to, verb, fNum, tNum)
e.g.
_join(a, b, has, 0, n)

You can use this to fine tune relationships as required. fNum & tNum accept an integer or 'n'.

Physicals Models

!include ../dist/DatabasePhysical.iuml

or

!includeurl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chippyash/db-plantuml/master/dist/DatabasePhysical.iuml

Use the same statements as per Logical models. In addition there are:

Components

Trigger(alias, name)
e.g.
Trigger(t1, UserUpdate) {
    beforeUpdate()
    afterUpdate()
    beforeInsert()
    afterInsert()
    beforeDelete()
    afterDelete()
}

Proc(alias, name)
e.g.
Proc(p1, StoredProcs) {
    addUser(uid, guid)
}

View(alias, name)
e.g.
View(v1, sessions) {
    select(user_id, data\nfrom user, session\njoin id on user_id)
}

Indexes and keys

foreign_key(tableName, to, type=int(), suffix='_id')

Foreign keys are automatically generated where appropriate between Tables in your model. You may need to explicitly declare them for Tables that are off model.

Relationships

function triggers(from, to)  //table actions trigger
function uses(from, to)      //proc uses table

These uses relationships is purely informational.

User defined data types

Whilst many SQL RDMS natively support user defined data types, many do not, including the ever popular MySql/MariaDb. You can achieve this functionality in PlantUml yourself.

!define guid() char(36)

!unquoted procedure orgId()
    orgId int(8) UNSIGNED NOT NULL
    index(orgId)
!endprocedure

and then use them in your Table definitions:

Table(invpayee, cr_invoice_payee, Invoice Payee) {
    primary(entityId, guid(), 0)
    orgId()
}

See (PlantUml Preprocessing)[https://plantuml.com/preprocessing] for more ideas.

Diagram to SQL conversion

A PHP utility CLI program that will convert your physical diagram to SQL DDL.

MySql is supported at this release.

• Installation - "See Installation - production use" below

Basic usage

bin/pumldbconv g ./examples/User-Physical.puml ./out.sql

Which will convert the example physical diagram into SQL looking thus:

CREATE TABLE `user` (
    `id` INT(8) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `tag` VARCHAR(30),
    `username` VARCHAR(30),
    `bar` TEXT NOT NULL,
    `password` VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE `session` (
    `id` INT(8) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `data` text NOT NULL,
    `user_id` INT(8)
);

CREATE TABLE `account` (
    `logon` VARCHAR(30),
    `user_id` INT(8)
);

CREATE TABLE `profile` (
    `age` SMALLINT,
    `birthday` DATETIME NOT NULL,
    `id` INT(8) PRIMARY KEY,
    `gender` enum('MALE','FEMALE') NOT NULL,
    `fav_colours` set('RED','BLUE','GREEN') NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE `group` (
    `id` INT(8) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE `user_group` (
    `user_id` INT(8),
    `group_id` INT(8)
);

CREATE INDEX idx_att34 ON user (`tag`);

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_att35 ON user (`username`);

CREATE INDEX idx_att36 ON user (`username`,`password`);

ALTER TABLE `session` ADD FOREIGN KEY fk_att40 (`user_id`)
    REFERENCES `user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
    ON UPDATE RESTRICT;

CREATE INDEX idx_att43 ON account (`logon`);

ALTER TABLE `account` ADD FOREIGN KEY fk_att44 (`user_id`)
    REFERENCES `user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
    ON UPDATE RESTRICT;

ALTER TABLE `user_group` ADD FOREIGN KEY fk_att54 (`user_id`)
    REFERENCES `user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
    ON UPDATE RESTRICT;

ALTER TABLE `user_group` ADD FOREIGN KEY fk_att55 (`group_id`)
    REFERENCES `group` (`id`)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
    ON UPDATE RESTRICT;

CREATE VIEW `sessions` 
    AS SELECT user_id, data from user join session on (user.id = session.user_id);

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_StoredProcs_addUser(IN uid INT, IN guid INT)
    BEGIN
        # complete proc body and parameter typing
    END;

DELIMITER ;

CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` TRIGGER UserUpdate_beforeUpdate
    BEFORE UPDATE ON `user` FOR EACH ROW
    BEGIN
        # complete trigger body and declaration
    END;

CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` TRIGGER UserUpdate_afterUpdate
    AFTER UPDATE ON `user` FOR EACH ROW
    BEGIN
        # complete trigger body and declaration
    END;

The program assumes that your plantuml.jar is located at:

• /usr/share/plantuml/plantuml.jar for Linux
• "C:/Program Files/Java/jars/plantuml.jar" for Windows

If this is not the case, you can specify the folder location with the -p flag e.g.: bin/pumldbconv g -p /usr/local/javajars ./examples/User-Physical.puml ./out.sql

Installation - production use

You will need PHP8.0+ with the xsl and xml extensions installed to use this program.

• Clone/Fork this repo or grab an archive and unzip it
• Move the bin/pumldbconv file into a directory in your path, perhaps /usr/local/bin
• Check that you can execute it with pumldbconv -V
• Remove the source files if no longer required

Installation - development

Caveat: These instructions assume a Linux OS. (If you are a Windows/Mac user, please consider adding installation and usage instructions to this repo by way of a pull request.)

• Clone/Fork this repo or grab an archive and unzip it
• Install Composer
• Install the PHP XSL extension e.g. For Debian based Linux

sudo apt install php-xsl

PHP normally has the XML extension built-in, but you may need to install it manually.

sudo apt install php-xml

• run composer install

Building

make build

Will build a new PHAR executable in the bin directory. You will need Box installed and your php.ini settings modified to build phar files (off by default).

Changing the library

1. fork it
2. write the test
3. amend it
4. do a pull request

Found a bug you can't figure out?

1. fork it
2. write the test
3. do a pull request

NB. Make sure you rebase to HEAD before your pull request

Or log an issue ticket in Github.

Where?

The library is hosted at Github. It is available at Packagist.org

License

This software is licensed under the BSD-3 Clause license.

History

V0.0.0 Initial alpha release

V0.0.1 Alpha release with DDL generator

V1.0.0 Upgrade to use PHP 8 and latest version of PlantUML

V1.1.0 Add UNSIGNED attribute support