Allow configuring project-wide page width using a surrounding analysi…

…s_options.yaml file (#1571)

When using the dart format CLI (and not the library API), if the user doesn't specify a page width using --line-length, then the formatter will walk the directories surrounding each formatted file looking for an analysis_options.yaml file. If one is found, then it looks for a configured page width like:

```
formatter:
  page_width: 123
```

If found, then the file is formatted at that page width. If any sort of failure occurs, the default page width is used instead.

This is hidden behind the "tall-style" experiment flag and the intent is to ship this when the rest of the new tall style ships.

This is a fairly large change. To try to make it easier to review, I broke it into a series of hopefully more digestible commits. You might want to review those separately.

Fix #833.

analysis_options.yaml

@@ -3,3 +3,30 @@ include: package:dart_flutter_team_lints/analysis_options.yaml
 analyzer:
   errors:
     comment_references: ignore
+linter:
+  rules:
+    # Either "unnecessary_final" or "prefer_final_locals" should be used so
+    # that the codebase consistently uses either "var" or "final" for local
+    # variables. Choosing the former because the latter also requires "final"
+    # even on local variables and pattern variables that have type annotations,
+    # as in:
+    #
+    #     final Object upcast = 123;
+    #     //^^^ Unnecessarily verbose.
+    #
+    #     switch (json) {
+    #       case final List list: ...
+    #         // ^^^^^ Unnecessarily verbose.
+    #     }
+    #
+    # Using "unnecessary_final" allows those to be:
+    #
+    #     Object upcast = 123;
+    #
+    #     switch (json) {
+    #       case List list: ...
+    #     }
+    #
+    # Also, making local variables non-final is consistent with parameters,
+    # which are also non-final.
+    - unnecessary_final

lib/src/analysis_options/analysis_options_file.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024, the Dart project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+import 'package:yaml/yaml.dart';
+
+import 'file_system.dart';
+import 'merge_options.dart';
+
+/// The analysis options configuration is a dynamically-typed JSON-like data
+/// structure.
+///
+/// (It's JSON-*like* and not JSON because maps in it may have non-string keys.)
+typedef AnalysisOptions = Map<Object?, Object?>;
+
+/// Interface for taking a "package:" URI that may appear in an analysis
+/// options file's "include" key and resolving it to a file path which can be
+/// passed to [FileSystem.join()].
+typedef ResolvePackageUri = Future<String?> Function(Uri packageUri);
+
+/// Reads an `analysis_options.yaml` file in [directory] or in the nearest
+/// surrounding folder that contains that file using [fileSystem].
+///
+/// Stops walking parent directories as soon as it finds one that contains an
+/// `analysis_options.yaml` file. If it reaches the root directory without
+/// finding one, returns an empty [YamlMap].
+///
+/// If an `analysis_options.yaml` file is found, reads it and parses it to a
+/// [YamlMap]. If the map contains an `include` key whose value is a list, then
+/// reads any of the other referenced YAML files and merges them into this one.
+/// Returns the resulting map with the `include` key removed.
+///
+/// If there any "package:" includes, then they are resolved to file paths
+/// using [resolvePackageUri]. If [resolvePackageUri] is omitted, an exception
+/// is thrown if any "package:" includes are found.
+Future<AnalysisOptions> findAnalysisOptions(
+    FileSystem fileSystem, FileSystemPath directory,
+    {ResolvePackageUri? resolvePackageUri}) async {
+  while (true) {
+    var optionsPath = await fileSystem.join(directory, 'analysis_options.yaml');
+    if (await fileSystem.fileExists(optionsPath)) {
+      return readAnalysisOptions(fileSystem, optionsPath,
+          resolvePackageUri: resolvePackageUri);
+    }
+
+    var parent = await fileSystem.parentDirectory(directory);
+    if (parent == null) break;
+    directory = parent;
+  }
+
+  // If we get here, we didn't find an analysis_options.yaml.
+  return const {};
+}
+
+/// Uses [fileSystem] to read the analysis options file at [optionsPath].
+///
+/// If there any "package:" includes, then they are resolved to file paths
+/// using [resolvePackageUri]. If [resolvePackageUri] is omitted, an exception
+/// is thrown if any "package:" includes are found.
+Future<AnalysisOptions> readAnalysisOptions(
+    FileSystem fileSystem, FileSystemPath optionsPath,
+    {ResolvePackageUri? resolvePackageUri}) async {
+  var yaml = loadYamlNode(await fileSystem.readFile(optionsPath));
+
+  // If for some reason the YAML isn't a map, consider it malformed and yield
+  // a default empty map.
+  if (yaml is! YamlMap) return const {};
+
+  // Lower the YAML to a regular map.
+  var options = {...yaml};
+
+  // If there is an `include:` key, then load that and merge it with these
+  // options.
+  if (options['include'] case String include) {
+    options.remove('include');
+
+    // If the include path is "package:", resolve it to a file path first.
+    var includeUri = Uri.tryParse(include);
+    if (includeUri != null && includeUri.scheme == 'package') {
+      if (resolvePackageUri != null) {
+        var filePath = await resolvePackageUri(includeUri);
+        if (filePath != null) {
+          include = filePath;
+        } else {
+          throw PackageResolutionException(
+              'Failed to resolve package URI "$include" in include.');
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw PackageResolutionException(
+            'Couldn\'t resolve package URI "$include" in include because '
+            'no package resolver was provided.');
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The include path may be relative to the directory containing the current
+    // options file.
+    var includePath = await fileSystem.join(
+        (await fileSystem.parentDirectory(optionsPath))!, include);
+    var includeFile = await readAnalysisOptions(fileSystem, includePath,
+        resolvePackageUri: resolvePackageUri);
+    options = merge(includeFile, options) as AnalysisOptions;
+  }
+
+  return options;
+}
+
+/// Exception thrown when an analysis options file contains a "package:" URI in
+/// an include and resolving the URI to a file path failed.
+final class PackageResolutionException implements Exception {
+  final String _message;
+
+  PackageResolutionException(this._message);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => _message;
+}

lib/src/analysis_options/file_system.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024, the Dart project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// Abstraction over a file system.
+///
+/// Implement this if you want to control how this package locates and reads
+/// files.
+abstract interface class FileSystem {
+  /// Returns `true` if there is a file at [path].
+  Future<bool> fileExists(covariant FileSystemPath path);
+
+  /// Joins [from] and [to] into a single path with appropriate path separators.
+  ///
+  /// Note that [to] may be an absolute path implementation of [join()] should
+  /// be prepared to handle that by ignoring [from].
+  Future<FileSystemPath> join(covariant FileSystemPath from, String to);
+
+  /// Returns a path for the directory containing [path].
+  ///
+  /// If [path] is a root path, then returns `null`.
+  Future<FileSystemPath?> parentDirectory(covariant FileSystemPath path);
+
+  /// Returns the series of directories surrounding [path], from innermost out.
+  ///
+  /// If [path] is itself a directory, then it should be the first directory
+  /// yielded by this. Otherwise, the stream should begin with the directory
+  /// containing that file.
+  // Stream<FileSystemPath> parentDirectories(FileSystemPath path);
+
+  /// Reads the contents of the file as [path], which should exist and contain
+  /// UTF-8 encoded text.
+  Future<String> readFile(covariant FileSystemPath path);
+}
+
+/// Abstraction over a file or directory in a [FileSystem].
+///
+/// An implementation of [FileSystem] should have a corresponding implementation
+/// of this class. It can safely assume that any instances of this passed in to
+/// the class were either directly created as instances of the implementation
+/// class by the host application, or were returned by methods on that same
+/// [FileSystem] object. Thus it is safe for an implementation of [FileSystem]
+/// to downcast instances of this to its expected implementation type.
+abstract interface class FileSystemPath {}

lib/src/analysis_options/io_file_system.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024, the Dart project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:path/path.dart' as p;
+
+import 'file_system.dart';
+
+/// An implementation of [FileSystem] using `dart:io`.
+final class IOFileSystem implements FileSystem {
+  Future<IOFileSystemPath> makePath(String path) async =>
+      IOFileSystemPath._(path);
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> fileExists(covariant IOFileSystemPath path) =>
+      File(path.path).exists();
+
+  @override
+  Future<FileSystemPath> join(covariant IOFileSystemPath from, String to) =>
+      makePath(p.join(from.path, to));
+
+  @override
+  Future<FileSystemPath?> parentDirectory(
+      covariant IOFileSystemPath path) async {
+    // Make [path] absolute (if not already) so that we can walk outside of the
+    // literal path string passed.
+    var result = p.dirname(p.absolute(path.path));
+
+    // If the parent directory is the same as [path], we must be at the root.
+    if (result == path.path) return null;
+
+    return makePath(result);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<String> readFile(covariant IOFileSystemPath path) =>
+      File(path.path).readAsString();
+}
+
+/// An abstraction over a file path string, used by [IOFileSystem].
+///
+/// To create an instance of this, use [IOFileSystem.makePath()].
+final class IOFileSystemPath implements FileSystemPath {
+  /// The underlying physical file system path.
+  final String path;
+
+  IOFileSystemPath._(this.path);
+}

lib/src/analysis_options/merge_options.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024, the Dart project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// Merges a [defaults] options set with an [overrides] options set using
+/// simple override semantics, suitable for merging two configurations where
+/// one defines default values that are added to (and possibly overridden) by an
+/// overriding one.
+///
+/// The merge rules are:
+///
+/// *   Lists are concatenated without duplicates.
+/// *   A list of strings is promoted to a map of strings to `true` when merged
+///     with another map of strings to booleans. For example `['opt1', 'opt2']`
+///     is promoted to `{'opt1': true, 'opt2': true}`.
+/// *   Maps unioned. When both have the same key, the corresponding values are
+///     merged, recursively.
+/// *   Otherwise, a non-`null` override replaces a default value.
+Object? merge(Object? defaults, Object? overrides) {
+  return switch ((defaults, overrides)) {
+    (List(isAllStrings: true) && var list, Map(isToBools: true)) =>
+      merge(_promoteList(list), overrides),
+    (Map(isToBools: true), List(isAllStrings: true) && var list) =>
+      merge(defaults, _promoteList(list)),
+    (Map defaultsMap, Map overridesMap) => _mergeMap(defaultsMap, overridesMap),
+    (List defaultsList, List overridesList) =>
+      _mergeList(defaultsList, overridesList),
+    (_, null) =>
+      // Default to override, unless the overriding value is `null`.
+      defaults,
+    _ => overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+/// Promote a list of strings to a map of those strings to `true`.
+Map<Object?, Object?> _promoteList(List<Object?> list) {
+  return {for (var element in list) element: true};
+}
+
+/// Merge lists, avoiding duplicates.
+List<Object?> _mergeList(List<Object?> defaults, List<Object?> overrides) {
+  // Add them both to a set so that the overrides replace the defaults.
+  return {...defaults, ...overrides}.toList();
+}
+
+/// Merge maps (recursively).
+Map<Object?, Object?> _mergeMap(
+    Map<Object?, Object?> defaults, Map<Object?, Object?> overrides) {
+  var merged = {...defaults};
+
+  overrides.forEach((key, value) {
+    merged.update(key, (defaultValue) => merge(defaultValue, value),
+        ifAbsent: () => value);
+  });
+
+  return merged;
+}
+
+extension<T> on List<T> {
+  bool get isAllStrings => every((e) => e is String);
+}
+
+extension<K, V> on Map<K, V> {
+  bool get isToBools => values.every((v) => v is bool);
+}

lib/src/cli/format_command.dart

@@ -189,9 +189,12 @@ final class FormatCommand extends Command<int> {
       }
     }
 
-    var pageWidth = int.tryParse(argResults['line-length'] as String) ??
-        usageException('--line-length must be an integer, was '
-            '"${argResults['line-length']}".');
+    int? pageWidth;
+    if (argResults.wasParsed('line-length')) {
+      pageWidth = int.tryParse(argResults['line-length'] as String) ??
+          usageException('--line-length must be an integer, was '
+              '"${argResults['line-length']}".');
+    }
 
     var indent = int.tryParse(argResults['indent'] as String) ??
         usageException('--indent must be an integer, was '

lib/src/cli/formatter_options.dart

@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ final class FormatterOptions {
   final int indent;
 
   /// The number of columns that formatted output should be constrained to fit
-  /// within.
-  final int pageWidth;
+  /// within or `null` if not specified.
+  ///
+  /// If omitted, the formatter defaults to a page width of
+  /// [DartFormatter.defaultPageWidth].
+  final int? pageWidth;
 
   /// Whether symlinks should be traversed when formatting a directory.
   final bool followLinks;
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ final class FormatterOptions {
   FormatterOptions(
       {this.languageVersion,
       this.indent = 0,
-      this.pageWidth = 80,
+      this.pageWidth,
       this.followLinks = false,
       this.show = Show.changed,
       this.output = Output.write,