[5.2] Add | Cache TokenCredential objects to take advantage of token caching (#2380)

[dauinsight]

Backports: #2380

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 80.41237% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 72.69%. Comparing base (ec5ad66) to head (5de1f5f).
Report is 1 commits behind head on release/5.2.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...SqlClient/ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationProvider.cs	80.41%	19 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff               @@
##           release/5.2    #2775      +/-   ##
===============================================
+ Coverage        72.64%   72.69%   +0.05%     
===============================================
  Files              310      310              
  Lines            61881    61947      +66     
===============================================
+ Hits             44953    45034      +81     
+ Misses           16928    16913      -15     

Flag	Coverage Δ
addons	92.88% <ø> (ø)
netcore	76.85% <80.41%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
netfx	70.27% <80.41%> (+0.05%)	⬆️

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