Convert a range of EuiRange* components to TypeScript

[thompsongl]

Summary

A range of them 😏

Unfortunately, we can't yet convert the full suite as EuiFieldNumber is still JS.
Checked generated eui.d.ts in Kibana successfully.

Checklist

- [ ] This was checked in mobile
- [ ] This was checked in IE11
- [ ] This was checked in dark mode
- [ ] Any props added have proper autodocs
- [ ] Documentation examples were added

• A changelog entry exists and is marked appropriately
• This was checked for breaking changes and labeled appropriately

- [ ] Jest tests were updated or added to match the most common scenarios
- [ ] This was checked against keyboard-only and screenreader scenarios
- [ ] This required updates to Framer X components

[chandlerprall]

Unfortunately, we can't yet convert the full suite as EuiFieldNumber is still JS.

I've got the converted EuiField* components on a branch, but there's one TS hurdle to figure out before those are ready to PR. (don't think that should block this PR, just wanted to call it out)

[thompsongl]

don't think that should block this PR, just wanted to call it out

A separate PR for larger EuiRange and EuiDualRange components may be preferable anyway. Those will come with their own set of complications, I think

[chandlerprall]

Changes LGTM; pulled and testing locally. Needs a changelog.