WIP: parse revert reason

Solidity allows messages in `require` statements which can help a lot
when debugging. This commit parses the revert reasons from failing
`call`s and raises them as `SolidityError` exceptions.

Closes #941.

web3/exceptions.py

@@ -169,3 +169,11 @@ class InvalidEventABI(ValueError):
     Raised when the event ABI is invalid.
     """
     pass
+
+
+class SolidityError(ValueError):
+    # Inherits from ValueError for backwards compatibility
+    """
+    Raised on a solidity require/revert
+    """
+    pass

web3/manager.py

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
 from web3.datastructures import (
     NamedElementOnion,
 )
+from web3.exceptions import (
+    SolidityError,
+)
 from web3.middleware import (
     abi_middleware,
     attrdict_middleware,
@@ -63,6 +66,30 @@ def apply_error_formatters(
         return response
 
 
+def get_revert_reason(response: RPCResponse) -> str:
+    """
+    Parse revert reason from response, return None if no revert happened.
+
+    Reverts contain a `data` attribute with the following layout:
+        "Reverted "
+        Function selector for Error(string): 08c379a (4 bytes)
+        Data offset: 32 (32 bytes)
+        String length (32 bytes)
+        Reason strong (padded, use string length from above to get meaningful part)
+    """
+    assert 'error' in response
+    if not isinstance(response['error'], dict):
+        return None
+    data = response['error'].get('data', '')
+    prefix = 'Reverted 0x08c379a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020'
+    if not data.startswith(prefix):
+        return None
+
+    reason_length = int(data[len(prefix):len(prefix) + 64], 16)
+    reason = data[len(prefix) + 64:len(prefix) + 64 + reason_length]
+    return reason
+
+
 class RequestManager:
     logger = logging.getLogger("web3.RequestManager")
 
@@ -150,6 +177,9 @@ def request_blocking(
 
         if "error" in response:
             apply_error_formatters(error_formatters, response)
+            revert_reason = get_revert_reason(response)
+            if revert_reason:
+                raise SolidityError(revert_reason)
             raise ValueError(response["error"])
 
         return response['result']

web3/types.py

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ class EventData(TypedDict):
 class RPCError(TypedDict):
     code: int
     message: str
+    data: Optional[str]
 
 
 class RPCResponse(TypedDict, total=False):