feat(Docker): upgrade Azure CLI image

[Gearheads]

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR will upgrade the version of the Azure CLI image that is being used within the Dockerfile.deps file. This change is needed in order to upgrade the underlying alpine version to 3.17, and might as well upgrade the Azure CLI version.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes (optional, in fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...) format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged):
Fixes # OpenSSL 1.1.1 EOL on 9/11/2023

% docker run -it --rm --entrypoint bash mcr.microsoft.com/azure-cli:2.48.1
2042604ccd87:/# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Alpine Linux"
ID=alpine
VERSION_ID=3.17.3
PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.17"
HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/issues"
2042604ccd87:/# openssl version
OpenSSL 3.0.8 7 Feb 2023 (Library: OpenSSL 3.0.8 7 Feb 2023)