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core, params: implement EIP-3529 (ethereum#22733)
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* core, params: implement EIP-3529

* core/vm: add london instructionset

* core/vm: add method doc for EIP enabler

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <[email protected]>
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@holiman @karalabe @atif-konasl
2 people authored and atif-konasl committed Oct 15, 2021
1 parent b58e161 commit fb9a6fd
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Showing 7 changed files with 166 additions and 114 deletions.
3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion core/blockchain_test.go
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Expand Up @@ -3134,7 +3134,8 @@ func TestEIP2718Transition(t *testing.T) {
block := chain.GetBlockByNumber(1)

// Expected gas is intrinsic + 2 * pc + hot load + cold load, since only one load is in the access list
expected := params.TxGas + params.TxAccessListAddressGas + params.TxAccessListStorageKeyGas + vm.GasQuickStep*2 + vm.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 + vm.ColdSloadCostEIP2929
expected := params.TxGas + params.TxAccessListAddressGas + params.TxAccessListStorageKeyGas +
vm.GasQuickStep*2 + params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 + params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929
if block.GasUsed() != expected {
t.Fatalf("incorrect amount of gas spent: expected %d, got %d", expected, block.GasUsed())

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15 changes: 11 additions & 4 deletions core/state_transition.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
sender := vm.AccountRef(msg.From())
homestead := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
istanbul := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsIstanbul(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
eip3529 := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
contractCreation := msg.To() == nil

// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -273,7 +274,13 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
st.state.SetNonce(msg.From(), st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
ret, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), st.data, st.gas, st.value)
}
st.refundGas()
if !eip3529 {
// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotient)
} else {
// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
}
st.state.AddBalance(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed()), st.gasPrice))

return &ExecutionResult{
Expand All @@ -283,9 +290,9 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
}, nil
}

func (st *StateTransition) refundGas() {
// Apply refund counter, capped to half of the used gas.
refund := st.gasUsed() / 2
func (st *StateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) {
// Apply refund counter, capped to a refund quotient
refund := st.gasUsed() / refundQuotient
if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
refund = st.state.GetRefund()
}
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26 changes: 18 additions & 8 deletions core/vm/eips.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
)

var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
3529: enable3529,
2929: enable2929,
2200: enable2200,
1884: enable1884,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -115,32 +116,41 @@ func enable2929(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SLOAD].constantGas = 0
jt[SLOAD].dynamicGas = gasSLoadEIP2929

jt[EXTCODECOPY].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODECOPY].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODECOPY].dynamicGas = gasExtCodeCopyEIP2929

jt[EXTCODESIZE].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODESIZE].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODESIZE].dynamicGas = gasEip2929AccountCheck

jt[EXTCODEHASH].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODEHASH].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODEHASH].dynamicGas = gasEip2929AccountCheck

jt[BALANCE].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[BALANCE].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[BALANCE].dynamicGas = gasEip2929AccountCheck

jt[CALL].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[CALL].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[CALL].dynamicGas = gasCallEIP2929

jt[CALLCODE].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[CALLCODE].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[CALLCODE].dynamicGas = gasCallCodeEIP2929

jt[STATICCALL].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[STATICCALL].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[STATICCALL].dynamicGas = gasStaticCallEIP2929

jt[DELEGATECALL].constantGas = WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[DELEGATECALL].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[DELEGATECALL].dynamicGas = gasDelegateCallEIP2929

// This was previously part of the dynamic cost, but we're using it as a constantGas
// factor here
jt[SELFDESTRUCT].constantGas = params.SelfdestructGasEIP150
jt[SELFDESTRUCT].dynamicGas = gasSelfdestructEIP2929
}

// enable3529 enabled "EIP-3529: Reduction in refunds":
// - Removes refunds for selfdestructs
// - Reduces refunds for SSTORE
// - Reduces max refunds to 20% gas
func enable3529(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SSTORE].dynamicGas = gasSStoreEIP3529
jt[SELFDESTRUCT].dynamicGas = gasSelfdestructEIP3529
}
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions core/vm/interpreter.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ func NewEVMInterpreter(evm *EVM, cfg Config) *EVMInterpreter {
if cfg.JumpTable[STOP] == nil {
var jt JumpTable
switch {
case evm.chainRules.IsLondon:
jt = londonInstructionSet
case evm.chainRules.IsBerlin:
jt = berlinInstructionSet
case evm.chainRules.IsIstanbul:
Expand Down
9 changes: 9 additions & 0 deletions core/vm/jump_table.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -57,11 +57,20 @@ var (
constantinopleInstructionSet = newConstantinopleInstructionSet()
istanbulInstructionSet = newIstanbulInstructionSet()
berlinInstructionSet = newBerlinInstructionSet()
londonInstructionSet = newLondonInstructionSet()
)

// JumpTable contains the EVM opcodes supported at a given fork.
type JumpTable [256]*operation

// newLondonInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead, byzantium,
// contantinople, istanbul, petersburg, berlin and london instructions.
func newLondonInstructionSet() JumpTable {
instructionSet := newBerlinInstructionSet()
enable3529(&instructionSet) // EIP-3529: Reduction in refunds https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3529
return instructionSet
}

// newBerlinInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead, byzantium,
// contantinople, istanbul, petersburg and berlin instructions.
func newBerlinInstructionSet() JumpTable {
Expand Down
210 changes: 109 additions & 101 deletions core/vm/operations_acl.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -24,91 +24,75 @@ import (
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
)

const (
ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 = uint64(2600) // COLD_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_COST
ColdSloadCostEIP2929 = uint64(2100) // COLD_SLOAD_COST
WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 = uint64(100) // WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
)

// gasSStoreEIP2929 implements gas cost for SSTORE according to EIP-2929
//
// When calling SSTORE, check if the (address, storage_key) pair is in accessed_storage_keys.
// If it is not, charge an additional COLD_SLOAD_COST gas, and add the pair to accessed_storage_keys.
// Additionally, modify the parameters defined in EIP 2200 as follows:
//
// Parameter Old value New value
// SLOAD_GAS 800 = WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
// SSTORE_RESET_GAS 5000 5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST
//
//The other parameters defined in EIP 2200 are unchanged.
// see gasSStoreEIP2200(...) in core/vm/gas_table.go for more info about how EIP 2200 is specified
func gasSStoreEIP2929(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
}
// Gas sentry honoured, do the actual gas calculation based on the stored value
var (
y, x = stack.Back(1), stack.peek()
slot = common.Hash(x.Bytes32())
current = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), slot)
cost = uint64(0)
)
// Check slot presence in the access list
if addrPresent, slotPresent := evm.StateDB.SlotInAccessList(contract.Address(), slot); !slotPresent {
cost = ColdSloadCostEIP2929
// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
evm.StateDB.AddSlotToAccessList(contract.Address(), slot)
if !addrPresent {
// Once we're done with YOLOv2 and schedule this for mainnet, might
// be good to remove this panic here, which is just really a
// canary to have during testing
panic("impossible case: address was not present in access list during sstore op")
func makeGasSStoreFunc(clearingRefund uint64) gasFunc {
return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
}
}
value := common.Hash(y.Bytes32())
// Gas sentry honoured, do the actual gas calculation based on the stored value
var (
y, x = stack.Back(1), stack.peek()
slot = common.Hash(x.Bytes32())
current = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), slot)
cost = uint64(0)
)
// Check slot presence in the access list
if addrPresent, slotPresent := evm.StateDB.SlotInAccessList(contract.Address(), slot); !slotPresent {
cost = params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929
// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
evm.StateDB.AddSlotToAccessList(contract.Address(), slot)
if !addrPresent {
// Once we're done with YOLOv2 and schedule this for mainnet, might
// be good to remove this panic here, which is just really a
// canary to have during testing
panic("impossible case: address was not present in access list during sstore op")
}
}
value := common.Hash(y.Bytes32())

if current == value { // noop (1)
// EIP 2200 original clause:
// return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil
return cost + WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil // SLOAD_GAS
}
original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
if original == current {
if original == (common.Hash{}) { // create slot (2.1.1)
return cost + params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200, nil
if current == value { // noop (1)
// EIP 2200 original clause:
// return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil
return cost + params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil // SLOAD_GAS
}
if value == (common.Hash{}) { // delete slot (2.1.2b)
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)
original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
if original == current {
if original == (common.Hash{}) { // create slot (2.1.1)
return cost + params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200, nil
}
if value == (common.Hash{}) { // delete slot (2.1.2b)
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(clearingRefund)
}
// EIP-2200 original clause:
// return params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200, nil // write existing slot (2.1.2)
return cost + (params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929), nil // write existing slot (2.1.2)
}
// EIP-2200 original clause:
// return params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200, nil // write existing slot (2.1.2)
return cost + (params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - ColdSloadCostEIP2929), nil // write existing slot (2.1.2)
}
if original != (common.Hash{}) {
if current == (common.Hash{}) { // recreate slot (2.2.1.1)
evm.StateDB.SubRefund(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)
} else if value == (common.Hash{}) { // delete slot (2.2.1.2)
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)
if original != (common.Hash{}) {
if current == (common.Hash{}) { // recreate slot (2.2.1.1)
evm.StateDB.SubRefund(clearingRefund)
} else if value == (common.Hash{}) { // delete slot (2.2.1.2)
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(clearingRefund)
}
}
}
if original == value {
if original == (common.Hash{}) { // reset to original inexistent slot (2.2.2.1)
// EIP 2200 Original clause:
//evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200 - params.SloadGasEIP2200)
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200 - WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929)
} else { // reset to original existing slot (2.2.2.2)
// EIP 2200 Original clause:
// evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - params.SloadGasEIP2200)
// - SSTORE_RESET_GAS redefined as (5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST)
// - SLOAD_GAS redefined as WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
// Final: (5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST) - WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
evm.StateDB.AddRefund((params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - ColdSloadCostEIP2929) - WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929)
if original == value {
if original == (common.Hash{}) { // reset to original inexistent slot (2.2.2.1)
// EIP 2200 Original clause:
//evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200 - params.SloadGasEIP2200)
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200 - params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929)
} else { // reset to original existing slot (2.2.2.2)
// EIP 2200 Original clause:
// evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - params.SloadGasEIP2200)
// - SSTORE_RESET_GAS redefined as (5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST)
// - SLOAD_GAS redefined as WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
// Final: (5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST) - WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
evm.StateDB.AddRefund((params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929) - params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929)
}
}
// EIP-2200 original clause:
//return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil // dirty update (2.2)
return cost + params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil // dirty update (2.2)
}
// EIP-2200 original clause:
//return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil // dirty update (2.2)
return cost + WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil // dirty update (2.2)
}

// gasSLoadEIP2929 calculates dynamic gas for SLOAD according to EIP-2929
Expand All @@ -124,9 +108,9 @@ func gasSLoadEIP2929(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, me
// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
// If he does afford it, we can skip checking the same thing later on, during execution
evm.StateDB.AddSlotToAccessList(contract.Address(), slot)
return ColdSloadCostEIP2929, nil
return params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929, nil
}
return WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil
return params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil
}

// gasExtCodeCopyEIP2929 implements extcodecopy according to EIP-2929
Expand All @@ -146,7 +130,7 @@ func gasExtCodeCopyEIP2929(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memo
evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(addr)
var overflow bool
// We charge (cold-warm), since 'warm' is already charged as constantGas
if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929-WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929); overflow {
if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929-params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929); overflow {
return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
}
return gas, nil
Expand All @@ -168,7 +152,7 @@ func gasEip2929AccountCheck(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Mem
// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(addr)
// The warm storage read cost is already charged as constantGas
return ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 - WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil
return params.ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 - params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil
}
return 0, nil
}
Expand All @@ -180,7 +164,7 @@ func makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(oldCalculator gasFunc) gasFunc {
warmAccess := evm.StateDB.AddressInAccessList(addr)
// The WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 (100) is already deducted in the form of a constant cost, so
// the cost to charge for cold access, if any, is Cold - Warm
coldCost := ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 - WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
coldCost := params.ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 - params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
if !warmAccess {
evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(addr)
// Charge the remaining difference here already, to correctly calculate available
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -212,25 +196,49 @@ var (
gasDelegateCallEIP2929 = makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(gasDelegateCall)
gasStaticCallEIP2929 = makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(gasStaticCall)
gasCallCodeEIP2929 = makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(gasCallCode)
gasSelfdestructEIP2929 = makeSelfdestructGasFn(true)
// gasSelfdestructEIP3529 implements the changes in EIP-2539 (no refunds)
gasSelfdestructEIP3529 = makeSelfdestructGasFn(false)

// gasSStoreEIP2929 implements gas cost for SSTORE according to EIP-2929
//
// When calling SSTORE, check if the (address, storage_key) pair is in accessed_storage_keys.
// If it is not, charge an additional COLD_SLOAD_COST gas, and add the pair to accessed_storage_keys.
// Additionally, modify the parameters defined in EIP 2200 as follows:
//
// Parameter Old value New value
// SLOAD_GAS 800 = WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
// SSTORE_RESET_GAS 5000 5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST
//
//The other parameters defined in EIP 2200 are unchanged.
// see gasSStoreEIP2200(...) in core/vm/gas_table.go for more info about how EIP 2200 is specified
gasSStoreEIP2929 = makeGasSStoreFunc(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)

// gasSStoreEIP2539 implements gas cost for SSTORE according to EPI-2539
// Replace `SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE` with `SSTORE_RESET_GAS + ACCESS_LIST_STORAGE_KEY_COST` (4,800)
gasSStoreEIP3529 = makeGasSStoreFunc(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP3529)
)

func gasSelfdestructEIP2929(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
var (
gas uint64
address = common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
)
if !evm.StateDB.AddressInAccessList(address) {
// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(address)
gas = ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929
}
// if empty and transfers value
if evm.StateDB.Empty(address) && evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address()).Sign() != 0 {
gas += params.CreateBySelfdestructGas
}
if !evm.StateDB.HasSuicided(contract.Address()) {
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SelfdestructRefundGas)
// makeSelfdestructGasFn can create the selfdestruct dynamic gas function for EIP-2929 and EIP-2539
func makeSelfdestructGasFn(refundsEnabled bool) gasFunc {
gasFunc := func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
var (
gas uint64
address = common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
)
if !evm.StateDB.AddressInAccessList(address) {
// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(address)
gas = params.ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929
}
// if empty and transfers value
if evm.StateDB.Empty(address) && evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address()).Sign() != 0 {
gas += params.CreateBySelfdestructGas
}
if refundsEnabled && !evm.StateDB.HasSuicided(contract.Address()) {
evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SelfdestructRefundGas)
}
return gas, nil
}
return gas, nil

return gasFunc
}
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