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gem5 Resources

This repository contains the sources needed to compile the gem5 resources. The compiled resources are found in the gem5 resources bucket, http://dist.gem5.org/dist. Though these resources are not needed to compile or run gem5, they may be required to execute some gem5 tests or may be useful when carrying out specific simulations.

The following sections outline our versioning policy, how to make changes to this repository, and describe each resource and how they may be built.

Versioning

We ensure that for each version of the gem5 source there is a corresponding version of the gem5-resources, with the assumption that version X of the gem5 source will be used with version X of the gem5-resources. The gem5-resources repository contains two branches, develop and stable. The stable branch's HEAD points towards the latest gem5 resources release, which will be the same version id as the that of the latest gem5 source. E.g., if the latest release of gem5 is v20.2.0.0, then the latest release of gem5-resources will be v20.2.0.0, with the HEAD of its stable branch tagged as v20.2.0.0. Previous versions will be tagged within the stable branch. Past versions gem5-resources can thereby be checked out with git checkout <VERSION>. A complete list of versions can be found with git tag. The develop branch contains code under development and will be merged into the stable branch, then tagged, as part of the next release of gem5. More information on gem5 release procedures can be found here. Any release procedures related to the gem5 source can be assumed to be applicable to gem5-resources.

The compiled resources for gem5 can be found under http://dist.gem5.org/dist/{VERSION}. E.g. compiled resources for gem5 v20.2 are under http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v20-2 and are compiled from gem5-resources v20.2. http://dist.gem5.org/dist/develop is kept in sync with the develop branch, and therefore should not be depended upon for stable, regular usage.

Note: Resource files for gem5 v19.0.0.0, our legacy release, can be found under http://dist.gem5.org/dist/current.

Submitting a contribution

We utilize GitHub to review changes made to the gem5-resources. To make changes, follow the steps below.

1. Fork the gem5 repository on GitHub from https://github.com/gem5/gem5-resources/.
2. Create a new branch in your forked repository for your changes.
3. Commit your changes to the new branch.
4. Push the branch to your forked repository.
5. Open a pull request from your branch in your forked repository to the main gem5 resources repository.

If you have not signed up for an account on the github (https://github.com/), you first have to create an account.

1. Go to https://github.com/
2. Click "Sign up" in the upper right corner.

Changes are required to have a Change-ID, which can be added using the pre-commit hook. This can be installed via the following:

pip install pre-commit
pre-commit install

Stable vs. Develop branch

The rule for when to work on the stable vs. develop branch is as follows:

• If the change applies to the current gem5 stable, then the change should be on the stable branch of gem5-resources.

• If the change cannot work on gem5 stable and requires updates to gem5 that are only found on gem5 develop, then the change should be on the develop branch of gem5-resources.

When a new version of gem5 is released, the develop branch is merged into the stable branch. When gem5-resources's stable and develop branches diverge, we merge stable into develop.

Code Review

Once a change has been submitted to GitHub, you may view the change at https://github.com/gem5/gem5-resources/pulls.

Through the GitHub pull request we strongly advise you add reviewers to your change. GitHub will automatically notify those you assign. We recommend you add both Bobby R. Bruce [email protected] (@BobbyRBruce) and Jason Lowe-Power [email protected] (@powerjg) as reviewers.

Reviewers will review the change. For non-trivial edits, it is not unusual for a change to receive feedback from reviewers that they want incorporated before flagging as acceptable for merging into the gem5-resources repository. All communications between reviewers and contributors should be done in a polite manner. Rude and/or dismissive remarks will not be tolerated.

Once your change has been accepted by reviewers a maintainer will squash and merge your pull request into the gem5-resources repository.

Resource: RISCV Tests

The RISCV Tests source can be found in the src/riscv-tests directory. More information about these tests can be found in src/riscv-tests/README.md.

RISCV Tests Origins

The RISCV Tests in this repository were obtained from https://github.com/riscv-software-src/riscv-tests.git, revision e65ecdf941a5484af27f9be223fb655ebcb0398b.

RISCV Tests Compilation

To compile the RISCV Tests the RISCV GNU Compiler must be installed.

Then, to compile:

cd src/riscv-tests
autoconf
./configure --prefix=/opt/riscv/target
RISCV_PREFIX=<COMPILER_PREFIX> make

As an example for make, if the binary name for the RISCV compiler is riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc, then the make command is the following:

RISCV_PREFIX=riscv64-linux-gnu- make

This RISCV binaries can then be found within the src/riscv-tests/benchmarks directory.

RISCV Tests Pre-built binaries

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/dhrystone.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/median.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/mm.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/mt-matmul.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/mt-vvadd.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/multiply.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/pmp.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/qsort.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/rsort.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/spmv.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/towers.riscv

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/riscv-tests/vvadd.riscv

Resource: simple

The simple resources are small binaries, often used to run quick tests and checks in gem5. They are baremetal.

simple Compilation

Simple single source file per executable userland or baremetal examples.

The toplevel executables under src/simple can be built for any ISA that we have a cross compiler for. The current cross compilers supported are :

• x86_64 (as installed via APT with sudo apt install build-essential)
• aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc/arch64-linux-gnu-g++
• arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
• riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc/riscv64-linux-gnu-g++

Examples that build only for some ISAs specific ones are present under src/simple/<ISA> subdirs, e.g. src/simple/aarch64/,

The ISA names are meant to match uname -m, e.g.:

• aarch64
• arm
• riscv
• x86_64
• sparc64

You have to specify the path to the gem5 source code with GEM5_ROOT variable so that m5ops can be used from there. For example for a native build:

cd src/simple
make -j`nproc` GEM5_ROOT=../../../

The default of that variable is such that if you place this repository and the gem5 repository in the same directory:

./gem5/
./gem5-resources/

you can omit that variable and build just with:

make

After the building, the generated files are located under:

./out/<ISA>/

For example, some of the userland executables built on x86 are:

./out/x86_64/user/hello.out
./out/x86_64/user/x86_64/mwait.out

Or if you build for a different ISA:

make ISA=aarch64

some of the executables would be:

./out/aarch64/user/hello.out
./out/aarch64/user/aarch64/futex_ldxr_stxr.out

By default, only userland executables are built. You can build just the baremetal ones instead with:

make ISA=aarch64 bare

or both userland and baremetal with:

make ISA=aarch64 all

A sample baremetal executable generated by this is:

out/aarch64/bare/m5_exit.out

Only ISAs that have a corresponding src/simple/bootloader/ file can build for baremetal, e.g. src/simple/bootloader/aarch64.S.

Note that some C source files can produce both a baremetal and an userland. For example m5_exit.c produces both:

out/aarch64/bare/m5_exit.out
out/aarch64/user/m5_exit.out

However, since the regular userland toolchain is used rather than a more specialized baremetal toolchain, the C standard library is not available. Therefore, only very few C examples can build for baremetal, notably the ones that use m5ops.

There are also examples that can only build for baremetal, e.g. aarch64/semihost_exit only builds for baremetal, as semihosting is not available on userland.

The simple directory is also able to generate squashfs images containing only a single userland executable at /sbin/init for any of the userland executables. This can be done with a command of type:

make ISA=aarch64 out/aarch64/squashfs/m5_exit.squashfs

Squashfs is a filesystem type that the Linux kernel understands natively, exactly like ext4, except that it is a bit more convenient to create, and write-only.

You can therefore give those squashfs images to gem5 exactly as you would give a normal ext4 raw image, by pointing to it for example with fs.py --disk-image=m5_exit.squashfs as shown at: https://www.gem5.org/documentation/general_docs/fullsystem/building_arm_kernel Linux will then run the given userland executable after Linux boots as the init program.

The initial motivation for this was to generate simple test images for Linux boot.

Since this is a less common use case, squashfs images are not currently generated by any single phony target all at once.

simple Pre-built binaries

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_pthread_create_seq

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_pthread_create_para

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_pthread_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_atomic

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_pthread_cond

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_std_thread

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_std_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/x86/test_std_condition_variable

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_pthread_create_seq

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_pthread_create_para

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_pthread_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_atomic

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_pthread_cond

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_std_thread

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_std_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch32/test_std_condition_variable

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_pthread_create_seq

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_pthread_create_para

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_pthread_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_atomic

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_pthread_cond

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_std_thread

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_std_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/aarch64/test_std_condition_variable

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_pthread_create_seq

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_pthread_create_para

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_pthread_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_atomic

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_pthread_cond

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_std_thread

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_std_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/riscv64/test_std_condition_variable

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_pthread_create_seq

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_pthread_create_para

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_pthread_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_atomic

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_pthread_cond

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_std_thread

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_std_mutex

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/pthreads/sparc64/test_std_condition_variable

Resource: Square

Square Compilation

To compile:

Note: Make sure you are in gem5-resources directory (resources like square are not present in the gem5 repository). To clone the gem5-resources repository, run the following command:

git clone https://github.com/gem5/gem5-resources.git

cd src/gpu/square
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu make gfx9-apu

The compiled binary can be found in src/gpu/square/bin

Square Pre-built binary

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/square/square

Resource: HIP Sample Applications

The HIP sample apps contain applications that introduce various GPU programming concepts that are usable in HIP.

The samples cover topics such as using and accessing different parts of GPU memory, running multiple GPU streams, and optimization techniques for GPU code.

Certain apps aren't included due to complexities with either ROCm or Docker (hipEvent, profiler), or due to lack of feature support in gem5 (peer2peer)

Compilation

cd src/gpu/hip-samples
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu make

Individual programs can be made by specifying the name of the program

By default, this code builds for gfx902, a VEGA-based APU. This can be overridden by specifying -e HCC_AMDGPU_TARGET=<target> in the build command.

Pre-built binary

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/2dshfl

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/dynamic_shared

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/inline_asm

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/MatrixTranspose

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/sharedMemory

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/shfl

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/stream

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/hip-samples/unroll

Resource: Heterosync

Heterosync is a benchmark suite used to test the performance of various types of fine-grained synchronization on tightly-coupled GPUs. The version in gem5-resources contains only the HIP code.

The README in the heterosync folder details the various synchronization primitives and the other command-line arguments for use with heterosync.

Compilation

cd src/gpu/heterosync
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu make release-gfx9

The release-gfx9 target builds for gfx902, a VEGA-based APU, and gfx900, a VEGA-based dGPU. There are other targets (release) that build for GPU types that are currently unsupported in gem5.

Pre-built binary

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/heterosync/allSyncPrims-1kernel

Resource: lulesh

lulesh is a DOE proxy application that is used as an example of hydrodynamics modeling. The version provided is for use with the gpu-compute model of gem5.

Compilation and Running

cd src/gpu/lulesh
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu make

By default, the Makefile builds for gfx902, and is placed in the src/gpu/lulesh/bin folder.

lulesh is a GPU application, which requires that gem5 is built with the VEGA_X86 architecture. To build VEGA_X86:

# Working directory is your gem5 directory
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu scons -sQ -j$(nproc) build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt

The following command shows how to run lulesh

Note: lulesh has two optional command-line arguments, to specify the stop time and number of iterations. To set the arguments, add --options="<stop_time> <num_iters> to the run command. The default arguments are equivalent to --options="1.0e-2 10".

# Assuming gem5 and gem5-resources are in your working directory
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu gem5/build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt gem5/configs/example/apu_se.py -n3 --mem-size=8GB --benchmark-root=gem5-resources/src/gpu/lulesh/bin -clulesh

Pre-built binary

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/lulesh/lulesh

Resource: halo-finder (HACC)

HACC is a DoE application designed to simulate the evolution of the universe by simulating the formation of structure in collisionless fluids under the influence of gravity. The halo-finder code can be GPU accelerated by using the code in RCBForceTree.cxx.

src/gpu/halo-finder/src contains the code required to build and run ForceTreeTest from src/halo_finder in the main HACC codebase. src/gpu/halo-finder/src/dfft contains the dfft code from src/dfft in the main HACC codebase.

Compilation and Running

halo-finder requires that certain libraries that aren't installed by default in the VEGA docker container provided by gem5, and that the environment is configured properly in order to build. We provide a Dockerfile that installs those libraries and sets the environment.

In order to test the GPU code in halo-finder, we compile and run ForceTreeTest.

To build the Docker image and the benchmark:

cd src/gpu/halo-finder
docker build -t <image_name> .
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD}/src -u $UID:$GID <image_name> make hip/ForceTreeTest

The binary is built for gfx902 by default and is placed at src/gpu/halo-finder/src/hip/ForceTreeTest

ForceTreeTest is a GPU application, which requires that gem5 is built with the VEGA_X86 architecture. To build VEGA_X86:

# Working directory is your gem5 directory
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID <image_name> scons -sQ -j$(nproc) build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt

To run ForceTreeTest:

# Assuming gem5 and gem5-resources are in the working directory
docker run --rm -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD -u $UID:$GID <image_name> gem5/build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt gem5/configs/example/apu_se.py -n3 --benchmark-root=gem5-resources/src/gpu/halo-finder/src/hip -cForceTreeTest --options="0.5 0.1 64 0.1 1 N 12 rcb"

Pre-built binary

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/halo-finder/ForceTreeTest

Resource: DNNMark

DNNMark is a benchmark framework used to characterize the performance of deep neural network (DNN) primitive workloads.

Compilation and Running

To build DNNMark: NOTE: Due to DNNMark building a library, it's important to mount gem5-resources to the same directory within the docker container when building and running, as otherwise the benchmarks won't be able to link against the library. The example commands do this by using -v ${PWD}:${PWD} in the docker run commands

cd src/gpu/DNNMark
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu ./setup.sh HIP
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD}/build -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu make

DNNMark uses MIOpen kernels, which are unable to be compiled on-the-fly in gem5. We have provided a python script to generate these kernels for a subset of the benchmarks for a gfx902 GPU with 4 CUs by default

To generate the MIOpen kernels:

cd src/gpu/DNNMark
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -v${PWD}/cachefiles:/root/.cache/miopen/2.9.0 -w ${PWD} ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu python3 generate_cachefiles.py cachefiles.csv [--gfx-version={gfx902,gfx900}] [--num-cus=N]

Due to the large amounts of memory that need to be set up for DNNMark, we have added in the ability to MMAP a file to reduce setup time, as well as added a program that can generate a 2GB file of floats.

To make the MMAP file:

cd src/gpu/DNNMark
g++ -std=c++0x generate_rand_data.cpp -o generate_rand_data
./generate_rand_data

DNNMark is a GPU application, which requires that gem5 is built with the VEGA_X86 architecture. To build VEGA_X86:

# Working directory is your gem5 directory
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu scons -sQ -j$(nproc) build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt

To run one of the benchmarks (fwd softmax) in gem5:

# Assuming gem5 and gem5-resources are sub-directories of the current directory
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -v ${PWD}/gem5-resources/src/gpu/DNNMark/cachefiles:/root/.cache/miopen/2.9.0 -w ${PWD} ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu gem5/build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt gem5/configs/example/apu_se.py -n3 --benchmark-root=gem5-resources/src/gpu/DNNMark/build/benchmarks/test_fwd_softmax -cdnnmark_test_fwd_softmax --options="-config gem5-resources/src/gpu/DNNMark/config_example/softmax_config.dnnmark -mmap gem5-resources/src/gpu/DNNMark/mmap.bin"

Resource: pennant

pennant is an unstructured mesh physics mini-app designed for advanced architecture research. It contains mesh data structures and a few physics algorithms adapted from the LANL rad-hydro code FLAG, and gives a sample of the typical memory access patterns of FLAG.

Compiling and Running

cd src/gpu/pennant
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu make

By default, the binary is built for gfx902 and is placed in src/gpu/pennant/build

pennant is a GPU application, which requires that gem5 is built with the VEGA_X86 architecture.

pennant has sample input files located at src/gpu/pennant/test. The following command shows how to run the sample noh:

# Assuming gem5 and gem5-resources are in your working directory
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:${PWD} -w ${PWD} -u $UID:$GID ghcr.io/gem5/gcn-gpu gem5/build/VEGA_X86/gem5.opt gem5/configs/example/apu_se.py -n3 --benchmark-root=gem5-resources/src/gpu/pennant/build -cpennant --options="gem5-resources/src/gpu/pennant/test/noh/noh.pnt"

The output gets placed in src/gpu/pennant/test/noh/, and the file noh.xy against the noh.xy.std file.

Note: Only some tests have .xy.std files to compare against, and there may be slight differences due to floating-point rounding.

Pre-built binary

https://storage.googleapis.com/dist.gem5.org/dist/v24-0/test-progs/pennant/pennant

Resource: SPEC 2006

The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) CPU 2006 benchmarks are designed to provide performance measurements that can be used to compare compute-intensive workloads on different computer systems. SPEC CPU 2006 contains 12 different benchmark tests.

src/spec-2006 provides resources on creating a SPEC 2006 disk image, and necessary scripts to run the SPEC 2006 benchmarks within X86 gem5 simulations. Please consult the src/spec-2006/README.md for more information.

Please note, due to licensing issues, the SPEC 2006 iso cannot be provided as part of this repository.

Resource: SPEC 2017

The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) CPU 2017 benchmarks are designed to provide performance measurements that can be used to compare compute-intensive workloads on different computer systems. SPEC CPU 2017 contains 43 benchmarks organized into four suites: SPECspeed 2017 Integer, SPECspeed 2017 Floating Point, SPECrate 2017 Integer, and SPECrate 2017 Floating Point.

src/spec-2017 provides resources on creating a SPEC 2017 disk image, and necessary scripts to run the SPEC 2017 benchmarks within X86 gem5 simulations. Please consult the src/spec-2017/README.md for more information.

Please note, due to licensing issues, the SPEC 2017 iso cannot be provided as part of this repository.

Resource: GAP Benchmark Suite (GAPBS) tests

GAPBS is a graph processing benchmark suite and it contains 6 kernels: Breadth-First Search, PageRank, Connected Components, Betweenness Centrality, Single-Source Shortest Paths, and Triangle Counting.

GAPBS Origin

We obtained the GAPBS benchmark suite from http://gap.cs.berkeley.edu/benchmark.html

Building the GAPBS image

src/gapbs contains resources to build a GAPBS disk image which may be used to run the benchmark on gem5 X86 simulations. src/gapbs/README.md contains build and usage instructions.

GAPBS Pre-built disk image

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/images/x86/ubuntu-18-04/gapbs.img.gz

Resource: PARSEC Benchmark Suite

The Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers (PARSEC) is a benchmark suite composed of multithreaded programs.

PARSEC Origins

We used PARSEC 3.0, available from https://parsec.cs.princeton.edu.

Building the PARSEC image

In src/parsec we provide the source to build a disk image which may be used, alongside configuration files, to run the PARSEC Benchmark Suite on gem5 architectural simulations. Please consult src/parsec/README.md for build and execution information.

GAPBS Pre-built disk image

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/images/x86/ubuntu-18-04/parsec.img.gz.

Resource: NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) Tests

The NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) are a small set of programs designed to help evaluate the performance of parallel supercomputers. The set consists of five Linux Kernels and three pseudo-applications. gem5 resources provides a disk image, and scripts allowing for the NPB image to be run within gem5 X86 simulations.

NPB Origins

We use NPB 3.4.1, available from https://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/npb.html.

NPB Building

The npb resources can be found in src/npb. It consists of:

• npb disk image resources
• gem5 run scripts to execute these tests

The instructions to build the npb disk image, a Linux kernel binary, and how to use gem5 run scripts to run npb are available in the README file.

NPB Pre-built disk image

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/images/x86/ubuntu-18-04/npb.img.gz

Resource: Linux Boot Tests

The Linux boot tests refer to the tests performed with different gem5 configurations to check its ability to boot a Linux kernel. More information on Linux boot tests can be found here.

The boot-tests resources consist of three main components:

• x86-ubuntu disk image
• gem5 run scripts to execute boot tests
• linux kernel configuration files

The instructions to build the x86-ubuntu disk image, the Linux binaries, and how to use gem5 run scripts to run boot-tests are available in this README file.

Resource: RISCV Full System

The RISCV Full System resource includes a RISCV boot loader (berkeley bootloader (bbl)) to boot the Linux 5.10 kernel on a RISCV system, and an image which includes the BusyBox software suite. The resource also contains simple gem5 run/config scripts to run Linux full system simulations in which a user may telnet into.

Further information on building a riscv disk image, a riscv boot loader, and how to use gem5 scripts to run riscv Linux full system simulations, is available in the README file.

RISCV Full System pre-built disk image

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/images/riscv/busybox/riscv-disk.img.gz

RISCV Full System pre-built Linux bootloader

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/kernels/riscv/static/bootloader-vmlinux-5.10

Resource: RISCV Full System with Disk Image

The RISCV Full System resource includes a RISCV bootloader (berkeley bootloader (bbl)) to boot the Linux 5.10 kernel on a RISCV system. The workload and the Linux utils (provided by BusyBox) are also included in the bootloader. The resource also contains simple gem5 run/config scripts to run Linux full system simulations in which a user may telnet into.

More details on building such a RISCV bootloader and hwo does it work are available in the README.md file.

RISCV Full System pre-built Linux bootloader with embedded workload

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/misc/riscv/bbl-busybox-boot-exit

Resource: Insttest

The Insttests test SPARC instructions.

Creating the SPARC Insttest binary requires a SPARC cross compile. Instructions on creating a cross compiler can be found here.

Insttest Compilation

To compile:

cd src/insttest
make

We provide a docker image with a pre-loaded SPARC cross compiler. To use:

cd src/insttest
docker run --volume $(pwd):$(pwd) -w $(pwd) --rm ghcr.io/gem5/sparc64-gnu-cross:latest make

The compiled binary can be found in src/insttest/bin.

Insttest Pre-built binary

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/test-progs/insttest/bin/sparc/linux/insttest

Resource: Linux Kernel Binary

Contains scripts to create a Linux kernel binary.

Linux Kernel Compilation

Instructions on how to use the scripts can be found here src/linux-kernel/README.md.

Linux Kernel Pre-built binaries

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/kernels/x86/static/vmlinux-4.4.186 http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/kernels/x86/static/vmlinux-4.9.186 http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/kernels/x86/static/vmlinux-4.14.134 http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/kernels/x86/static/vmlinux-4.19.83

Resource: LupV Disk image and Kernel/boot loader

gem5 supports LupIO. An example of using gem5 with LupIO can be found in configs/example/lupv.

The sources to build a LupV (LupIO with RISC-V) disk image (based on busybox) and a LupV bootloader/kernel can be found in src/lupv.

LupV Pre-built disk image

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/images/riscv/busybox/riscv-lupio-busybox.img.gz

LupV Pre-built bootloader/kernel

http://dist.gem5.org/dist/v22-0/kernels/riscv/static/lupio-linux

Licensing

There is no universal license encompassing all this repository's contents. The licences covering the individual gem5 resources are therefore highlighted below.

• asmtest : src/asmtest/LICENSE.
• riscv-tests : src/riscv-tests/LICENSE.
• square: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/gpu/square.
• hsa-agent-pkt: src/gpu/hsa-agent-pkt/square.cpp is licensed under the same licence as 'src/gpu/square/square.cpp'. src/gpu/hsa-agent-pkt/HSA_Interface.[h|.cpp] are licensed under a BSD Lisense (A University of Maryland copyright).
• hip-samples: Consult individual copyright notices of the source file in 'src/gpu/hip-samples/src'
• heterosync: Consult src/gpu/heterosync/LICENSE.txt
• lulesh: Consult the copyright notice in src/gpu/lulesh/src/gpu/lulesh.hip.cc
• halo-finder: halo-finder is a subcomponent of HACC, which is licensed under a BSD license.
• DNNMark: DNNMark is licensed under an MIT license, see src/gpu/DNNMark/LICENSE
• pennant: pennant is licensed under a BSD license, see src/gpu/pennant/LICENSE src/gpu/square.
• spec 2006: SPEC CPU 2006 requires purchase of benchmark suite from SPEC thus, it cannot be freely distributed. Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/spec-2006.
• spec 2017: SPEC CPU 2017 requires purchase of benchmark suite from SPEC thus, it cannot be freely distributed. Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/spec-2017.
• gapbs: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/gapbs.
• parsec: The code of the PARSEC project is covered by a 3-Clause BSD License ( src/parsec/disk-image/parsec/parsec-benchmark/LICENSE). For the remaining files, please consult copyright notices in individual source files.
• npb-tests: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/npb. The NAS Parallel Benchmarks utilize a permissive BSD-style license.
• x86-ubuntu: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/x86-ubuntu.
• insttest: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/insttest.
• linux-kernel: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/linux-kernel.
• hack-back: Consult individual copyright notices of source files in src/hack-back.
• simple: Consult individual copyright notices of the source files in src/simple.