shallow-render

Angular testing made easy with shallow rendering and easy mocking.

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Docs

• API Docs
• Example Tests
• Release Notes

Schematics

• Angular Schematics (thanks @mihalcan!)

Articles

• Testing Angular Components With shallow-render
• Advanced shallow-render Testing
• Why Shallow Rendering is Important

Angular Version Support

Angular	shallow-render
18x	18x
17x	17x
16x	16x
15x	15x
14x	14x
13x	13x
12x	12x
11x	11x
10x	10x
9x	9x
6x-8x	8x
5x	<= 7.2.0

Super Simple Tests

describe('ColorLinkComponent', () => {
  let shallow: Shallow<ColorLinkComponent>;

  beforeEach(() => {
    shallow = new Shallow(ColorLinkComponent, MyModule);
  });

  it('renders a link with the name of the color', async () => {
    const { find } = await shallow.render({ bind: { color: 'Blue' } });
    // or shallow.render(`<color-link color="Blue"></color-link>`);

    expect(find('a').nativeElement.textContent).toBe('Blue');
  });

  it('emits color when clicked', async () => {
    const { element, outputs } = await shallow.render({ bind: { color: 'Red' } });
    element.click();

    expect(outputs.handleClick.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Red');
  });
});

The problem

Testing in Angular is HARD. TestBed is powerful but its use in component specs ends with lots of duplication.

Here's a standard TestBed spec for a component that uses a few other components, a directive and a pipe and handles click events:

describe('MyComponent', () => {
  beforeEach(async => {
    return TestBed.configureTestModule({
      imports: [SomeModuleWithDependencies],
      declarations: [
        TestHostComponent,
        MyComponent, // <-- All I want to do is test this!!
        // We either must list all our dependencies here
        // -- OR --
        // Use NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA which allows any HTML to be used
        // even if it is invalid!
        ButtonComponent,
        LinkComponent,
        FooDirective,
        BarPipe,
      ],
      providers: [MyService],
    })
      .compileComponents()
      .then(() => {
        let myService = TestBed.get(MyService); // Not type safe
        spyOn(myService, 'foo').and.returnValue('mocked foo');
      });
  });

  it('renders a link with the provided label text', () => {
    const fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestHostComponent);
    fixture.componentInstance.labelText = 'my text';
    fixture.detectChanges();
    const link = fixture.debugElement.query(By.css('a'));

    expect(a.nativeElement.textContent).toBe('my text');
  });

  it('sends "foo" to bound click events', () => {
    const fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestHostComponent);
    spyOn(fixture.componentInstance, 'handleClick');
    fixture.detectChanges();
    const myComponentElement = fixture.debugElement.query(By.directive(MyComponent));
    myComponentElement.click();

    expect(fixture.componentInstance.handleClick).toHaveBeenCalledWith('foo');
  });
});

@Component({
  template: '<my-component [linkText]="linkText" (click)="handleClick($event)"></my-component>',
})
class TestHostComponent {
  linkLabel: string;
  handleClick() {}
}

Whew!!! That was a lot of boilerplate. Here's just some of the issues:

• Our TestBed module looks very similar if not identical to the NgModule I've probably already added MyComponent too. Total module duplication.
• Since I've duplicated my module in my spec, I'm not actually sure the real module was setup correctly.
• I've used REAL components and services in my spec which means I have not isolated the component I'm interested in testing.
  • This also means I have to follow, and provide all the dependencies of those real components to the TestBed module.
• I had to create a TestHostComponent so I could pass bindings into my actual component.
• My TestBed boilerplate code-length exceeded my actual test code-length.

The Solution

We should mock everything we can except for the component in test and that should be EASY. Our modules already define the environment in which our components live. They should be reused, not rebuilt in our specs.

Here's the same specs using shallow-render:

describe('MyComponent', () => {
  let shallow: Shallow<MyComponent>;

  beforeEach(() => {
    shallow = new Shallow(MyComponent, MyModule);
  });

  it('renders a link with the provided label text', async () => {
    const { find } = await shallow.render({ bind: { linkText: 'my text' } });
    // or shallow.render(`<my-component linkText="my text"></my-component>`);

    expect(find('a').nativeElement.textContent).toBe('my text');
  });

  it('sends "foo" to bound click events', async () => {
    const { element, outputs } = await shallow.render();
    element.click();

    expect(outputs.handleClick).toHaveBeenCalledWith('foo');
  });
});

Here's the difference:

• Reuses (and verifies) MyModule contains your component and all its dependencies.
• All components inside MyModule are mocked. This is what makes the rendering "shallow".
• The tests have much less boilerplate which makes the specs easier to follow.
• The HTML used to render the component is IN THE SPEC and easy to find.
  • This means specs now double examples of how to use your component.