chore: [k206] fix: Redo ingester profile tagging

[grafanabot]

Backport 32097c8 from #13239

---

What this PR does / why we need it:

This pr reverts 00d3c7a and takes a different approach to adding profile tagging.

Previously we were using the pprof.Do method which internal does this:

func Do(ctx context.Context, labels LabelSet, f func(context.Context)) {
	defer SetGoroutineLabels(ctx)
	ctx = WithLabels(ctx, labels)
	SetGoroutineLabels(ctx)
	f(ctx)
}

To make this pattern work we had to wrap a lot of business logic and change error handling within many of the ingester functions, this unfortunately introduced a few bugs and made the code more brittle.

This PR instead uses the same mechanisms in the Do method directly in the various ingester methods, which should hopefully be a lot less error prone and invasive.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

This PR is two commits, the first is a revert for 00d3c7a and the second is a re-implementation using the new method, it's probably a lot easier to review this PR by looking at just the second commit

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
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