refactor(blooms): Implement retry in builder

[salvacorts]

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR implements a retry with backoff in the bloom builder. We retry to connect to the planner at two levels:

• At the top of the receive and build loop
• When we try to send back the task result to the planner

Special notes for your reviewer:

• We do not retry when we send a builder shutdown notification to the planner. Rationale being that this more like a best effort and we don't want to prevent a builder from shutting down.

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• For Helm chart changes bump the Helm chart version in production/helm/loki/Chart.yaml and update production/helm/loki/CHANGELOG.md and production/helm/loki/README.md. Example PR
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[chaudum]

Should the sleep be before the task is counted as completed?

[salvacorts]

Not necessarilly but I changed that.