chore: Avoid looking up tsdb symbols during Volume API

[trevorwhitney]

What this PR does / why we need it:

This PR is a fork of #13960, with the main difference being that it does not change the Filterer interface.

This avoid loading all symbols for volume queries when not needed.

❯ benchstat before.txt after.txt
name                 old time/op    new time/op    delta
TSDBIndex_Volume-16    1.10ms ± 2%    0.40ms ± 4%  -63.24%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

name                 old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
TSDBIndex_Volume-16    84.8kB ± 0%    52.7kB ± 0%     ~     (p=0.079 n=4+5)

name                 old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
TSDBIndex_Volume-16     5.07k ± 0%     1.07k ± 0%  -78.95%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

When tested in loki-dev-006 it reduced the time spend in series preparation from 640ms to 100ms, and we'd expect to see an even bigger performance improvment in ops.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
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[trevorwhitney]

nevermind