Let store-gateways ignore blocks that are too young.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Querier&Ruler: reduce cpu usage, latency and peak memory consumption. #459 #463
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Overrides Exporter: Add `max_fetched_chunks_per_query` limit to the default and per-tenant limits exported as metrics. #471
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Compactor (blocks cleaner): Delete blocks marked for deletion faster. #490
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Store-gateway: store-gateway can now ignore blocks with minimum time within `-blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-within` duration. Useful when used together with `-querier.query-store-after`. #502
 * [BUGFIX] Frontend: Fixes @ modifier functions (start/end) when splitting queries by time. #206
 * [BUGFIX] Fixes a panic in the query-tee when comparing result. #207
 * [BUGFIX] Upgrade Prometheus. TSDB now waits for pending readers before truncating Head block, fixing the `chunk not found` error and preventing wrong query results. #16

docs/blocks-storage/querier.md

@@ -731,6 +731,14 @@ blocks_storage:
       # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.max-stale-period
       [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]
 
+    # Blocks with minimum time within this duration are ignored, and not loaded
+    # by store-gateway. Useful when used together with
+    # -querier.query-store-after to prevent loading young blocks, because there
+    # are usually many of them (depending on number of ingesters) and they are
+    # not yet compacted. Negative values or 0 disable the filter.
+    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-within
+    [ignore_blocks_within: <duration> | default = 0s]
+
     # Max size - in bytes - of a chunks pool, used to reduce memory allocations.
     # The pool is shared across all tenants. 0 to disable the limit.
     # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.max-chunk-pool-bytes

docs/blocks-storage/store-gateway.md

@@ -784,6 +784,14 @@ blocks_storage:
       # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.max-stale-period
       [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]
 
+    # Blocks with minimum time within this duration are ignored, and not loaded
+    # by store-gateway. Useful when used together with
+    # -querier.query-store-after to prevent loading young blocks, because there
+    # are usually many of them (depending on number of ingesters) and they are
+    # not yet compacted. Negative values or 0 disable the filter.
+    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-within
+    [ignore_blocks_within: <duration> | default = 0s]
+
     # Max size - in bytes - of a chunks pool, used to reduce memory allocations.
     # The pool is shared across all tenants. 0 to disable the limit.
     # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.max-chunk-pool-bytes

docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md

@@ -4985,6 +4985,14 @@ bucket_store:
     # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.max-stale-period
     [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]
 
+  # Blocks with minimum time within this duration are ignored, and not loaded by
+  # store-gateway. Useful when used together with -querier.query-store-after to
+  # prevent loading young blocks, because there are usually many of them
+  # (depending on number of ingesters) and they are not yet compacted. Negative
+  # values or 0 disable the filter.
+  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-within
+  [ignore_blocks_within: <duration> | default = 0s]
+
   # Max size - in bytes - of a chunks pool, used to reduce memory allocations.
   # The pool is shared across all tenants. 0 to disable the limit.
   # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.max-chunk-pool-bytes

pkg/storage/tsdb/config.go

@@ -259,6 +259,7 @@ type BucketStoreConfig struct {
 	MetadataCache            MetadataCacheConfig `yaml:"metadata_cache"`
 	IgnoreDeletionMarksDelay time.Duration       `yaml:"ignore_deletion_mark_delay"`
 	BucketIndex              BucketIndexConfig   `yaml:"bucket_index"`
+	IgnoreBlocksWithin       time.Duration       `yaml:"ignore_blocks_within"`
 
 	// Chunk pool.
 	MaxChunkPoolBytes           uint64 `yaml:"max_chunk_pool_bytes"`
@@ -305,6 +306,7 @@ func (cfg *BucketStoreConfig) RegisterFlags(f *flag.FlagSet) {
 	f.DurationVar(&cfg.IgnoreDeletionMarksDelay, "blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-deletion-marks-delay", time.Hour*6, "Duration after which the blocks marked for deletion will be filtered out while fetching blocks. "+
 		"The idea of ignore-deletion-marks-delay is to ignore blocks that are marked for deletion with some delay. This ensures store can still serve blocks that are meant to be deleted but do not have a replacement yet. "+
 		"Default is 6h, half of the default value for -compactor.deletion-delay.")
+	f.DurationVar(&cfg.IgnoreBlocksWithin, "blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-within", 0, "Blocks with minimum time within this duration are ignored, and not loaded by store-gateway. Useful when used together with -querier.query-store-after to prevent loading young blocks, because there are usually many of them (depending on number of ingesters) and they are not yet compacted. Negative values or 0 disable the filter.")
 	f.IntVar(&cfg.PostingOffsetsInMemSampling, "blocks-storage.bucket-store.posting-offsets-in-mem-sampling", DefaultPostingOffsetInMemorySampling, "Controls what is the ratio of postings offsets that the store will hold in memory.")
 	f.BoolVar(&cfg.IndexHeaderLazyLoadingEnabled, "blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-header-lazy-loading-enabled", false, "If enabled, store-gateway will lazy load an index-header only once required by a query.")
 	f.DurationVar(&cfg.IndexHeaderLazyLoadingIdleTimeout, "blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-header-lazy-loading-idle-timeout", 20*time.Minute, "If index-header lazy loading is enabled and this setting is > 0, the store-gateway will offload unused index-headers after 'idle timeout' inactivity.")

pkg/storegateway/bucket_index_metadata_fetcher.go

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func NewBucketIndexMetadataFetcher(
 		logger:      logger,
 		filters:     filters,
 		modifiers:   modifiers,
-		metrics:     block.NewFetcherMetrics(reg, [][]string{{corruptedBucketIndex}, {noBucketIndex}}, nil),
+		metrics:     block.NewFetcherMetrics(reg, [][]string{{corruptedBucketIndex}, {noBucketIndex}, {minTimeExcludedMeta}}, nil),
 	}
 }
 

pkg/storegateway/bucket_index_metadata_fetcher_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pkg/timestamp"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -43,19 +44,22 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch(t *testing.T) {
 	block1 := &bucketindex.Block{ID: ulid.MustNew(1, nil)}
 	block2 := &bucketindex.Block{ID: ulid.MustNew(2, nil)}
 	block3 := &bucketindex.Block{ID: ulid.MustNew(3, nil)}
+	block4 := &bucketindex.Block{ID: ulid.MustNew(4, nil), MinTime: timestamp.FromTime(now.Add(-30 * time.Minute))} // Has most-recent data, to be ignored by minTimeMetaFilter.
+
 	mark1 := &bucketindex.BlockDeletionMark{ID: block1.ID, DeletionTime: now.Add(-time.Hour).Unix()}     // Below the ignore delay threshold.
 	mark2 := &bucketindex.BlockDeletionMark{ID: block2.ID, DeletionTime: now.Add(-3 * time.Hour).Unix()} // Above the ignore delay threshold.
 
 	require.NoError(t, bucketindex.WriteIndex(ctx, bkt, userID, nil, &bucketindex.Index{
 		Version:            bucketindex.IndexVersion1,
-		Blocks:             bucketindex.Blocks{block1, block2, block3},
+		Blocks:             bucketindex.Blocks{block1, block2, block3, block4},
 		BlockDeletionMarks: bucketindex.BlockDeletionMarks{mark1, mark2},
 		UpdatedAt:          now.Unix(),
 	}))
 
 	// Create a metadata fetcher with filters.
 	filters := []block.MetadataFilter{
 		NewIgnoreDeletionMarkFilter(logger, bucket.NewUserBucketClient(userID, bkt, nil), 2*time.Hour, 1),
+		newMinTimeMetaFilter(1 * time.Hour),
 	}
 
 	fetcher := NewBucketIndexMetadataFetcher(userID, bkt, NewNoShardingStrategy(), nil, logger, reg, filters, nil)
@@ -90,6 +94,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch(t *testing.T) {
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 1
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 
 		# HELP blocks_meta_syncs_total Total blocks metadata synchronization attempts
@@ -141,6 +146,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch_NoBucketIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 1
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 
 		# HELP blocks_meta_syncs_total Total blocks metadata synchronization attempts
@@ -195,6 +201,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch_CorruptedBucketIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 
 		# HELP blocks_meta_syncs_total Total blocks metadata synchronization attempts
@@ -241,6 +248,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch_ShouldResetGaugeMetrics(t *testing.T)
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 	`), "blocks_meta_synced"))
 
@@ -265,6 +273,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch_ShouldResetGaugeMetrics(t *testing.T)
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 1
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 	`), "blocks_meta_synced"))
 
@@ -297,6 +306,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch_ShouldResetGaugeMetrics(t *testing.T)
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 	`), "blocks_meta_synced"))
 
@@ -323,6 +333,7 @@ func TestBucketIndexMetadataFetcher_Fetch_ShouldResetGaugeMetrics(t *testing.T)
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-bucket-index"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="no-meta-json"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="time-excluded"} 0
+		blocks_meta_synced{state="min-time-excluded"} 0
 		blocks_meta_synced{state="too-fresh"} 0
 	`), "blocks_meta_synced"))
 }

pkg/storegateway/bucket_stores.go

@@ -442,15 +442,17 @@ func (u *BucketStores) getOrCreateStore(userID string) (*BucketStore, error) {
 	fetcherReg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
 
 	// The sharding strategy filter MUST be before the ones we create here (order matters).
-	filters := append([]block.MetadataFilter{NewShardingMetadataFilterAdapter(userID, u.shardingStrategy)}, []block.MetadataFilter{
+	filters := []block.MetadataFilter{
+		NewShardingMetadataFilterAdapter(userID, u.shardingStrategy),
 		block.NewConsistencyDelayMetaFilter(userLogger, u.cfg.BucketStore.ConsistencyDelay, fetcherReg),
+		newMinTimeMetaFilter(u.cfg.BucketStore.IgnoreBlocksWithin),
 		// Use our own custom implementation.
 		NewIgnoreDeletionMarkFilter(userLogger, userBkt, u.cfg.BucketStore.IgnoreDeletionMarksDelay, u.cfg.BucketStore.MetaSyncConcurrency),
 		// The duplicate filter has been intentionally omitted because it could cause troubles with
 		// the consistency check done on the querier. The duplicate filter removes redundant blocks
 		// but if the store-gateway removes redundant blocks before the querier discovers them, the
 		// consistency check on the querier will fail.
-	}...)
+	}
 
 	modifiers := []block.MetadataModifier{
 		// Remove Mimir external labels so that they're not injected when querying blocks.

pkg/storegateway/metadata_fetcher_filters.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pkg/timestamp"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block/metadata"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/extprom"
@@ -81,3 +82,32 @@ func (f *IgnoreDeletionMarkFilter) FilterWithBucketIndex(_ context.Context, meta
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+const minTimeExcludedMeta = "min-time-excluded"
+
+// minTimeMetaFilter filters out blocks that contain the most recent data (based on block MinTime).
+type minTimeMetaFilter struct {
+	limit time.Duration
+}
+
+func newMinTimeMetaFilter(limit time.Duration) *minTimeMetaFilter {
+	return &minTimeMetaFilter{limit: limit}
+}
+
+func (f *minTimeMetaFilter) Filter(_ context.Context, metas map[ulid.ULID]*metadata.Meta, synced *extprom.TxGaugeVec) error {
+	if f.limit <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	limitTime := timestamp.FromTime(time.Now().Add(-f.limit))
+
+	for id, m := range metas {
+		if m.MinTime < limitTime {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		synced.WithLabelValues(minTimeExcludedMeta).Inc()
+		delete(metas, id)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/storegateway/metadata_fetcher_filters_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	promtest "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pkg/timestamp"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block"
@@ -110,3 +112,39 @@ func testIgnoreDeletionMarkFilter(t *testing.T, bucketIndexEnabled bool) {
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedMetas, inputMetas)
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedDeletionMarks, f.DeletionMarkBlocks())
 }
+
+func TestTimeMetaFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	limit := 10 * time.Minute
+	limitTime := now.Add(-limit)
+
+	ulid1 := ulid.MustNew(1, nil)
+	ulid2 := ulid.MustNew(2, nil)
+	ulid3 := ulid.MustNew(3, nil)
+	ulid4 := ulid.MustNew(4, nil)
+
+	inputMetas := map[ulid.ULID]*metadata.Meta{
+		ulid1: {BlockMeta: tsdb.BlockMeta{MinTime: 100}},                                             // Very old, keep it
+		ulid2: {BlockMeta: tsdb.BlockMeta{MinTime: timestamp.FromTime(now)}},                         // Fresh block, remove.
+		ulid3: {BlockMeta: tsdb.BlockMeta{MinTime: timestamp.FromTime(limitTime.Add(time.Minute))}},  // Inside limit time, remove.
+		ulid4: {BlockMeta: tsdb.BlockMeta{MinTime: timestamp.FromTime(limitTime.Add(-time.Minute))}}, // Before limit time, keep.
+	}
+
+	expectedMetas := map[ulid.ULID]*metadata.Meta{}
+	expectedMetas[ulid1] = inputMetas[ulid1]
+	expectedMetas[ulid4] = inputMetas[ulid4]
+
+	synced := extprom.NewTxGaugeVec(nil, prometheus.GaugeOpts{Name: "synced"}, []string{"state"})
+
+	// Test negative limit.
+	f := newMinTimeMetaFilter(-10 * time.Minute)
+	require.NoError(t, f.Filter(context.Background(), inputMetas, synced))
+	assert.Equal(t, inputMetas, inputMetas)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0.0, promtest.ToFloat64(synced.WithLabelValues(minTimeExcludedMeta)))
+
+	f = newMinTimeMetaFilter(limit)
+	require.NoError(t, f.Filter(context.Background(), inputMetas, synced))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedMetas, inputMetas)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2.0, promtest.ToFloat64(synced.WithLabelValues(minTimeExcludedMeta)))
+}