Add explicit deprecations for Heroku 20 + 22, errors for 24

[jason-salesforce]

Adds explicit deprecation warnings for Heroku 20 and 22. Throws an error for Heroku 24.

GUS-W-14674450.

[edmorley]

@jason-salesforce Would you like me to publish this change to the buildpack registry? (It's under the heroku namespace)

[edmorley]

Since the changelog entry had yesterday's date in it, I went ahead and published now:

$ heroku buildpacks:publish heroku/google-chrome master
Publishing buildpack heroku/google-chrome... done
Publishing buildpack was successful

$ h buildpacks:versions heroku/google-chrome | head -n 4
 Version Released At              Status
 ─────── ──────────────────────── ─────────
 14      2024-05-31T13:20:13.501Z published
 13      2024-03-18T22:10:44.606Z published