This is the official repo for our NAACL 2019 paper Unsupervised Latent Tree Induction with Deep Inside-Outside Recursive Autoencoders (DIORA), which presents a fully-unsupervised method for discovering syntax. If you use this code for research, please cite our paper as follows:
@inproceedings{drozdov2019diora,
title={Unsupervised Latent Tree Induction with Deep Inside-Outside Recursive Autoencoders},
author={Drozdov, Andrew and Verga, Pat and Yadav, Mohit and Iyyer, Mohit and McCallum, Andrew},
booktitle={North American Association for Computational Linguistics},
year={2019},
}
The paper is available on arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02142
For questions/concerns/bugs please contact adrozdov at cs.umass.edu.
Follow up work by us:
- Drozdov et al., 2019. Unsupervised Labeled Parsing with DIORA.
- Drozdov et al., 2020. Unsupervised Parsing with S-DIORA.
- Xu et al., 2021. Improved Latent Tree Induction with Distant Supervision via Span Constraints.
Selection of other work with DIORA:
- Hong et al., 2020. DIORA with All-span Objective.
- Anonymous, 2021. Unsupervised Vision-Language Grammar Induction with Shared Structure Modeling (CLIORA).
Clone repository.
git clone [email protected]:iesl/diora.git
cd diora
Download the pre-trained model.
wget http://diora-naacl-2019.s3.amazonaws.com/diora-checkpoints.zip
unzip diora-checkpoints.zip
(Optional) Download training data: To reproduce experiments from our NAACL submission, concatenate the data from SNLI and MultiNLI.
cat ./snli_1.0/snli_1.0_train.jsonl ./multinli_1.0/multinli_1.0_train.jsonl > ./data/allnli.jsonl
Running DIORA.
# Install dependencies (using conda).
conda create -n diora-latest python=3.8
source activate diora-latest
## PYTORCH for mac
conda install pytorch=1.10.1 torchvision=0.11.2 torchaudio=0.10.1 -c pytorch
## PYTORCH for linux (w/ GPU and CUDA 10.2)
conda install pytorch=1.10.1 torchvision=0.11.2 torchaudio=0.10.1 cudatoolkit=10.2 -c pytorch
pip install nltk
pip install h5py
pip install tqdm
# Example of running various commands.
export PYTHONPATH=$(pwd)/pytorch:$PYTHONPATH
## Add the --cuda flag if you have GPU access.
## Parse some text.
python pytorch/diora/scripts/parse.py \
--batch_size 10 \
--data_type txt_id \
--elmo_cache_dir ./cache \
--load_model_path ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/model.pt \
--model_flags ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/flags.json \
--validation_path ./pytorch/sample.txt \
--validation_filter_length 10
## Extract vectors using latent trees,
python pytorch/diora/scripts/phrase_embed_simple.py --parse_mode latent \
--batch_size 10 \
--data_type txt_id \
--elmo_cache_dir ./cache \
--load_model_path ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/model.pt \
--model_flags ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/flags.json \
--validation_path ./pytorch/sample.txt \
--validation_filter_length 10
## or specify the trees to use.
python pytorch/diora/scripts/phrase_embed_simple.py --parse_mode given \
--batch_size 10 \
--data_type jsonl \
--elmo_cache_dir ./cache \
--load_model_path ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/model.pt \
--model_flags ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/flags.json \
--validation_path ./pytorch/sample.jsonl \
--validation_filter_length 10
## Train from scratch.
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=4 pytorch/diora/scripts/train.py \
--arch mlp-shared \
--batch_size 32 \
--data_type nli \
--elmo_cache_dir ./cache \
--emb elmo \
--hidden_dim 400 \
--k_neg 100 \
--log_every_batch 100 \
--lr 2e-3 \
--normalize unit \
--reconstruct_mode softmax \
--save_after 1000 \
--train_filter_length 20 \
--train_path ./data/allnli.jsonl \
--max_step 300000 \
--cuda --multigpu
First parse the data, then run evalb from our helper script.
# Parse the data.
python pytorch/diora/scripts/parse.py \
--retain_file_order \
--batch_size 10 \
--data_type ptb \
--elmo_cache_dir ./cache \
--load_model_path ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/model.pt \
--model_flags ./diora-checkpoints/mlp-softmax/flags.json \
--experiment_path ./log/eval-ptb \
--validation_path ./data/ptb/ptb-test.txt \
--validation_filter_length -1
# (optional) Build EVALB if you haven't already.
(cd EVALB && make)
# Run evaluation.
python pytorch/diora/scripts/evalb.py \
--evalb ./EVALB \
--evalb_config ./EVALB/diora.prm \
--out ./log/eval-ptb \
--pred ./log/eval-ptb/parse.jsonl \
--gold ./data/ptb/ptb-test.txt
Using the mlp-softmax checkpoint to parse the PTB test set should give the following output and results:
$ python pytorch/diora/scripts/evalb.py \
--evalb ./EVALB \
--evalb_config ./EVALB/diora.prm \
--out ./log/eval-ptb \
--pred ./log/eval-ptb/parse.jsonl \
--gold ./data/ptb/ptb-test.txt
Running: ./EVALB/evalb -p ./EVALB/diora.prm ./log/eval-ptb/gold.txt ./log/eval-ptb/pred.txt > ./log/eval-ptb/evalb.out
Results are ready at: ./log/eval-ptb/evalb.out
==== PREVIEW OF RESULTS (./log/eval-ptb/evalb.out) ====
-- All --
Number of sentence = 2416
Number of Error sentence = 0
Number of Skip sentence = 0
Number of Valid sentence = 2416
Bracketing Recall = 57.78
Bracketing Precision = 44.28
Bracketing FMeasure = 50.14
Complete match = 0.46
Average crossing = 5.71
No crossing = 10.10
2 or less crossing = 29.26
Tagging accuracy = 9.76
-- len<=40 --
Number of sentence = 2338
Number of Error sentence = 0
Number of Skip sentence = 0
Number of Valid sentence = 2338
Bracketing Recall = 57.96
Bracketing Precision = 44.57
Bracketing FMeasure = 50.39
Complete match = 0.47
Average crossing = 5.39
No crossing = 10.44
2 or less crossing = 30.24
Tagging accuracy = 9.79
Notes:
-
Set
--validation_filter_length -1to read all of the data. -
Make sure to use
--retain_file_orderso that predictions line up with the reference file. -
Set
--data_type ptb. The PTB data should have one sentence per line be in the following format:
(S (NP (DT The) (VBG leading) (NNS indicators)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN prompted) (NP (DT some) (NNS forecasters)))))
-
DIORA will not attempt to parse 1 or 2 word sentences, since there is only 1 possible output.
-
Using the provided configuration, the EVALB evaluation will ignore part of speech and constituency labels, but does take into account unary branching.
-
Our EVALB helper script automatically strips punctuation.
Using DistributedDataParallel:
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1
export NGPUS=2
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=$NGPUS pytorch/diora/scripts/train.py \
--cuda \
--multigpu \
... # other args
Data
--data_type Specifies the format of the data. Choices = nli, txt, txt_id, synthetic. Can specify different types for trainining and validation using --train_data_type and --validation_data_type. The synthetic type does not require any input file.
For examples of the expected format, please refer to the following files:
nliThe standard JSONL format used by SNLI and MultiNLI. Although examples are sentence pairs, the model only uses one sentence at a time.txtA single space-delimited sentence per line.txt_idSame astxtexcept the first token is an example id.
--train_path and validation_path Specifies the path to the input data for training and validation.
--train_filter_length Only examples less than this value will used for training. To consider all examples, set this to 0. Similarly, can use --validation_filter_length for validation.
--batch_size Specifies the batch size. The batch size specifically for validation can be set using --validation_batch_size, otherwise it will default to --batch_size.
--embeddings_path The path to GloVe-style word embeddings.
--emb Set to w2v for GloVe, elmo for ELMo, and both for a concatenation of the two.
--elmo_options_path and --elmo_weights_path The paths to the options and weights for ELMo.
Optimization and Model Configuration
--lr The learning rate.
--hidden_dim The dimension associated with the TreeLSTM.
--margin The margin value used in the objective for reconstruction.
--k_neg The number of negative examples to sample.
--freq_dist_power The negative examples are chosen according to their frequency within the training corpus. Lower values of --freq_dist_power make this distribution more peaked.
--normalize When set to unit, the values of each cell will have their norm set to 1. Choices = none, unit.
--reconstruct_mode Specifies how to reconstruct the correct word. Choices = margin.
Logging
--load_model_path For evaluation, parsing, and fine-tuning you can use this parameter to specify a previous checkpoint to initialize your model.
--experiment_path Specifies a directory where log files and checkpoints will be saved.
--log_every_batch Every N gradient updates a summary will be printed to the log.
--save_latest Every N gradient updates, a checkpoint will be saved called model_periodic.pt.
--save_distinct Every N gradient updates, a checkpoint will be saved called model.step_${N}.pt.
--save_after Checkpoints will only be saved after N gradient updates have been applied.
--save_init Save the initialization of the model.
CUDA
--cuda Use the GPU if available.
--multigpu Use multiple GPUs if available.
Other
--seed Set the random seed.
--num_workers Number of processes to use for batch iterator.
--retain_file_order If true, then outputs are written in same order as read from file.
If you specify the elmo_cache_dir, then the context-insensitive ELMo vectors will be cached, making it much faster to load these vectors after the initial usage. They must be cached once per dataset (a dataset is identified as a hash of its vocabulary).
Example Usage:
python pytorch/diora/scripts/train.py \
--emb elmo \
--elmo_cache_dir ./cache \
... # other args
Every experiment generates a flags.json file under its experiment_path. This file is useful when loading a checkpoint, as it specifies important properties for model configuration such as number-of-layers or model-size.
Note: Only arguments that are related to the model configuration will be used in this scenario.
Example Usage:
# First, train your model.
python pytorch/diora/scripts/train.py \
--experiment_path ./log/experiment-01 \
... # other args
# Later, load the model checkpoint, and specify the flags file.
python pytorch/diora/scripts/parse.py \
--load_model_path ./log/experiment-01/model_periodic.pt \
--model_flags ./log/experiment-01/flags.json \
... # other args
Various logs, checkpoints, and useful files are saved to a "log" directory when running DIORA. By default, this directory will be at /path/to/diora/pytorch/log/${uuid}. For example, this might be the log directory: ~/code/diora/pytorch/3d10566e. You can specify your own directory using the --experiment_path flag.
Some files stored in the log directory are:
- flags.json # All the arguments the experiment was run with as a JSON file.
- model_periodic.pt # The latest model checkpoint, saved every N batches.
- model.step_X.pt # Another checkpoint is saved every X batches.
Copyright 2018, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.