light-client: Fix verification of blocks between two trusted heights

[kostko]

Fixes #1246

• Referenced an issue explaining the need for the change
• Updated all relevant documentation in docs
• Updated all code comments where relevant
• Wrote tests
• Added entry in .changelog/

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1247 (1440aaa) into main (d28b935) will increase coverage by 0.2%.
The diff coverage is 99.1%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #1247     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   64.4%   64.7%   +0.2%     
=======================================
  Files        245     245             
  Lines      21582   21687    +105     
=======================================
+ Hits       13916   14045    +129     
+ Misses      7666    7642     -24     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
light-client/src/tests.rs	93.5% <ø> (ø)
light-client/src/store/sled/utils.rs	76.0% <94.1%> (+4.0%)	⬆️
light-client/src/components/scheduler.rs	77.7% <100.0%> (ø)
light-client/src/light_client.rs	75.0% <100.0%> (+0.2%)	⬆️
light-client/src/store.rs	97.6% <100.0%> (+21.1%)	⬆️
light-client/src/store/memory.rs	81.5% <100.0%> (+14.8%)	⬆️
light-client/src/store/sled.rs	80.3% <100.0%> (+4.2%)	⬆️
light-client/src/supervisor.rs	89.4% <100.0%> (+0.9%)	⬆️
tendermint/src/node.rs	63.9% <0.0%> (+0.1%)	⬆️
... and 6 more

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[romac]

Amazing work, thanks!