BUG: Kill subprocesses on shutdown.

Fixes #193.

This should make sure we properly cull all subprocesses at shutdown,
it does change one of the private method from sync to async in order to
no user time.sleep or thread so this may affect subclasses, though I
doubt it.

It's also not completely clear to me whether this works on windows as
SIGINT I belove is not a thing.

Regardless as this affects things like dask, and others that are mostly
on unix, it should be an improvement.

It does the following, stopping as soon as it does not find any more
children to current process.

 - Send sigint to everything
 - Immediately send sigterm in look with an exponential backoff from
   0.01 to 1 second roughtly multiplying the delay until next send by 3
     each time.
 - Switch to sending sigkill with same backoff.

There is no delay after sigint, as this is just a courtesy.
The delays backoff are not configurable. I can imagine that on slow
systems it may make sens

ipykernel/kernelbase.py

@@ -5,44 +5,44 @@
 
 import asyncio
 import concurrent.futures
-from datetime import datetime
-from functools import partial
+import inspect
 import itertools
 import logging
-import inspect
 import os
-from signal import signal, default_int_handler, SIGINT
-import sys
 import socket
+import sys
 import time
 import uuid
 import warnings
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import partial
+from signal import (SIGINT, SIGKILL, SIGTERM, Signals, default_int_handler,
+                    signal)
+
 try:
     import psutil
 except ImportError:
     psutil = None
 
+
 try:
     # jupyter_client >= 5, use tz-aware now
     from jupyter_client.session import utcnow as now
 except ImportError:
     # jupyter_client < 5, use local now()
     now = datetime.now
 
+import zmq
+from IPython.core.error import StdinNotImplementedError
+from jupyter_client.session import Session
 from tornado import ioloop
 from tornado.queues import Queue, QueueEmpty
-import zmq
+from traitlets import (Any, Bool, Dict, Float, Instance, Integer, List, Set,
+                       Unicode, default, observe)
+from traitlets.config.configurable import SingletonConfigurable
 from zmq.eventloop.zmqstream import ZMQStream
 
-from traitlets.config.configurable import SingletonConfigurable
-from IPython.core.error import StdinNotImplementedError
 from ipykernel.jsonutil import json_clean
-from traitlets import (
-    Any, Instance, Float, Dict, List, Set, Integer, Unicode, Bool,
-    observe, default
-)
-
-from jupyter_client.session import Session
 
 from ._version import kernel_protocol_version
 
@@ -796,13 +796,13 @@ async def comm_info_request(self, stream, ident, parent):
                                 reply_content, parent, ident)
         self.log.debug("%s", msg)
 
-    async def interrupt_request(self, stream, ident, parent):
+    def _send_interupt_children(self):
+
         pid = os.getpid()
         pgid = os.getpgid(pid)
 
         if os.name == "nt":
             self.log.error("Interrupt message not supported on Windows")
-
         else:
             # Prefer process-group over process
             if pgid and hasattr(os, "killpg"):
@@ -816,6 +816,8 @@ async def interrupt_request(self, stream, ident, parent):
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
+    async def interrupt_request(self, stream, ident, parent):
+        self._send_interupt_children()
         content = parent['content']
         self.session.send(stream, 'interrupt_reply', content, parent, ident=ident)
         return
@@ -830,7 +832,7 @@ async def shutdown_request(self, stream, ident, parent):
                                                   content, parent
         )
 
-        self._at_shutdown()
+        await self._at_shutdown()
 
         self.log.debug('Stopping control ioloop')
         control_io_loop = self.control_stream.io_loop
@@ -1131,9 +1133,44 @@ def _input_request(self, prompt, ident, parent, password=False):
             raise EOFError
         return value
 
-    def _at_shutdown(self):
+    async def _progressively_terminate_all_children(self):
+
+        pgid = os.getpgid(os.getpid())
+        if not pgid:
+            self.log.warning(f"No Pgid ({pgid=}), not trying to stop subprocesses.")
+            return
+
+        sleeps = (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1)
+        children = psutil.Process().children(recursive=True)
+        if not children:
+            self.log.debug("Kernel has no children.")
+            return
+        self.log.debug(f"Trying to interrupt then kill subprocesses : {children=}")
+        self._send_interupt_children()
+        for signum in (SIGTERM, SIGKILL):
+            self.log.debug(
+                f"Will try to send {signum} ({Signals(signum)}) to subprocesses :{children}"
+            )
+            for delay in sleeps:
+                children = psutil.Process().children(recursive=True)
+                if not children:
+                    self.log.debug("No more children, continuing shutdown routine.")
+                    return
+                if pgid and hasattr(os, "killpg"):
+                    try:
+                        os.killpg(pgid, signum)
+                    except OSError:
+                        self.log.warning("OSError running killpg, not killing children")
+                        return
+                self.log.debug(
+                    f"Will sleep {delay}s before checking for children and retrying."
+                )
+                await ascynio.sleep(delay)
+
+    async def _at_shutdown(self):
         """Actions taken at shutdown by the kernel, called by python's atexit.
         """
+        await self._progressively_terminate_all_children()
         if self._shutdown_message is not None:
             self.session.send(self.iopub_socket, self._shutdown_message, ident=self._topic('shutdown'))
             self.log.debug("%s", self._shutdown_message)