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Django	1.11.8	»	2.0	PyPI | Changelog | Homepage
Faker	0.8.7	»	0.8.8	PyPI | Changelog | Repo
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Changelogs

Django -> 2.0

2.0

========================

December 2, 2017

Welcome to Django 2.0!

These release notes cover the :ref:new features <whats-new-2.0>, as well as
some :ref:backwards incompatible changes <backwards-incompatible-2.0> you'll
want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 1.11 or earlier. We've
:ref:dropped some features<removed-features-2.0> that have reached the end of
their deprecation cycle, and we've :ref:begun the deprecation process for some features <deprecated-features-2.0>.

This release starts Django's use of a :ref:loose form of semantic versioning <internal-release-cadence>, but there aren't any major backwards incompatible
changes that might be expected of a 2.0 release. Upgrading should be a similar
amount of effort as past feature releases.

See the :doc:/howto/upgrade-version guide if you're updating an existing
project.

Python compatibility

Django 2.0 supports Python 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6. We highly recommend and only
officially support the latest release of each series.

The Django 1.11.x series is the last to support Python 2.7.

Django 2.0 will be the last release series to support Python 3.4. If you plan
a deployment of Python 3.4 beyond the end-of-life for Django 2.0 (April 2019),
stick with Django 1.11 LTS (supported until April 2020) instead. Note, however,
that the end-of-life for Python 3.4 is March 2019.

Third-party library support for older version of Django

Following the release of Django 2.0, we suggest that third-party app authors
drop support for all versions of Django prior to 1.11. At that time, you should
be able to run your package's tests using python -Wd so that deprecation
warnings do appear. After making the deprecation warning fixes, your app should
be compatible with Django 2.0.

.. _whats-new-2.0:

What's new in Django 2.0

Simplified URL routing syntax

The new :func:django.urls.path() function allows a simpler, more readable URL
routing syntax. For example, this example from previous Django releases::

url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),

could be written as::

path('articles/<int:year>/', views.year_archive),

The new syntax supports type coercion of URL parameters. In the example, the
view will receive the year keyword argument as an integer rather than as
a string. Also, the URLs that will match are slightly less constrained in the
rewritten example. For example, the year 10000 will now match since the year
integers aren't constrained to be exactly four digits long as they are in the
regular expression.

The django.conf.urls.url() function from previous versions is now available
as :func:django.urls.re_path. The old location remains for backwards
compatibility, without an imminent deprecation. The old
django.conf.urls.include() function is now importable from django.urls
so you can use from django.urls import include, path, re_path in your
URLconfs.

The :doc:/topics/http/urls document is rewritten to feature the new syntax
and provide more details.

Mobile-friendly contrib.admin

The admin is now responsive and supports all major mobile devices. Older
browsers may experience varying levels of graceful degradation.

Window expressions

The new :class:~django.db.models.expressions.Window expression allows
adding an OVER clause to querysets. You can use :ref:window functions <window-functions> and :ref:aggregate functions <aggregation-functions> in
the expression.

Minor features

:mod:django.contrib.admin

• The new :attr:.ModelAdmin.autocomplete_fields attribute and
  :meth:.ModelAdmin.get_autocomplete_fields method allow using an
  Select2 <https://select2.org>_ search widget for ForeignKey and
  ManyToManyField.

:mod:django.contrib.auth

• The default iteration count for the PBKDF2 password hasher is increased from
  36,000 to 100,000.

:mod:django.contrib.gis

• Added MySQL support for the
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.AsGeoJSON function,
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.GeoHash function,
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.IsValid function,
  :lookup:isvalid lookup, and :ref:distance lookups <distance-lookups>.

• Added the :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.Azimuth and
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.LineLocatePoint functions,
  supported on PostGIS and SpatiaLite.

• Any :class:~django.contrib.gis.geos.GEOSGeometry imported from GeoJSON now
  has its SRID set.

• Added the :attr:.OSMWidget.default_zoom attribute to customize the map's
  default zoom level.

• Made metadata readable and editable on rasters through the
  :attr:~django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALRaster.metadata,
  :attr:~django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALRaster.info, and
  :attr:~django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALBand.metadata attributes.

• Allowed passing driver-specific creation options to
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALRaster objects using papsz_options.

• Allowed creating :class:~django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALRaster objects in
  GDAL's internal virtual filesystem. Rasters can now be :ref:created from and converted to binary data <gdal-raster-vsimem> in-memory.

• The new :meth:GDALBand.color_interp() <django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALBand.color_interp> method returns the color
  interpretation for the band.

:mod:django.contrib.postgres

• The new distinct argument for
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.aggregates.ArrayAgg determines if
  concatenated values will be distinct.

• The new :class:~django.contrib.postgres.functions.RandomUUID database
  function returns a version 4 UUID. It requires use of PostgreSQL's
  pgcrypto extension which can be activated using the new
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CryptoExtension migration
  operation.

• :class:django.contrib.postgres.indexes.GinIndex now supports the
  fastupdate and gin_pending_list_limit parameters.

• The new :class:~django.contrib.postgres.indexes.GistIndex class allows
  creating GiST indexes in the database. The new
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.operations.BtreeGistExtension migration
  operation installs the btree_gist extension to add support for operator
  classes that aren't built-in.

• :djadmin:inspectdb can now introspect JSONField and various
  RangeField\s (django.contrib.postgres must be in INSTALLED_APPS).

:mod:django.contrib.sitemaps

• Added the protocol keyword argument to the
  :class:~django.contrib.sitemaps.GenericSitemap constructor.

Cache

• cache.set_many() now returns a list of keys that failed to be inserted.
  For the built-in backends, failed inserts can only happen on memcached.

File Storage

• :meth:File.open() <django.core.files.File.open> can be used as a context
  manager, e.g. with file.open() as f:.

Forms

• The new date_attrs and time_attrs arguments for
  :class:~django.forms.SplitDateTimeWidget and
  :class:~django.forms.SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget allow specifying different
  HTML attributes for the DateInput and TimeInput (or hidden)
  subwidgets.

• The new :meth:Form.errors.get_json_data() <django.forms.Form.errors.get_json_data> method returns form errors as
  a dictionary suitable for including in a JSON response.

Generic Views

• The new :attr:.ContextMixin.extra_context attribute allows adding context
  in View.as_view().

Management Commands

• :djadmin:inspectdb now translates MySQL's unsigned integer columns to
  PositiveIntegerField or PositiveSmallIntegerField.

• The new :option:makemessages --add-location option controls the comment
  format in PO files.

• :djadmin:loaddata can now :ref:read from stdin <loading-fixtures-stdin>.

• The new :option:diffsettings --output option allows formatting the output
  in a unified diff format.

• On Oracle, :djadmin:inspectdb can now introspect AutoField if the
  column is created as an identity column.

• On MySQL, :djadmin:dbshell now supports client-side TLS certificates.

Migrations

• The new :option:squashmigrations --squashed-name option allows naming the
  squashed migration.

Models

• The new :class:~django.db.models.functions.StrIndex database function
  finds the starting index of a string inside another string.

• On Oracle, AutoField and BigAutoField are now created as identity columns_.

.. _identity columns: https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DRDAA/migr_tools_feat.htmDRDAA109

• The new chunk_size parameter of :meth:.QuerySet.iterator controls the
  number of rows fetched by the Python database client when streaming results
  from the database. For databases that don't support server-side cursors, it
  controls the number of results Django fetches from the database adapter.

• :meth:.QuerySet.earliest, :meth:.QuerySet.latest, and
  :attr:Meta.get_latest_by <django.db.models.Options.get_latest_by> now
  allow ordering by several fields.

• Added the :class:~django.db.models.functions.ExtractQuarter function to
  extract the quarter from :class:~django.db.models.DateField and
  :class:~django.db.models.DateTimeField, and exposed it through the
  :lookup:quarter lookup.

• Added the :class:~django.db.models.functions.TruncQuarter function to
  truncate :class:~django.db.models.DateField and
  :class:~django.db.models.DateTimeField to the first day of a quarter.

• Added the :attr:~django.db.models.Index.db_tablespace parameter to
  class-based indexes.

• If the database supports a native duration field (Oracle and PostgreSQL),
  :class:~django.db.models.functions.Extract now works with
  :class:~django.db.models.DurationField.

• Added the of argument to :meth:.QuerySet.select_for_update(), supported
  on PostgreSQL and Oracle, to lock only rows from specific tables rather than
  all selected tables. It may be helpful particularly when
  :meth:~.QuerySet.select_for_update() is used in conjunction with
  :meth:~.QuerySet.select_related().

• The new field_name parameter of :meth:.QuerySet.in_bulk allows fetching
  results based on any unique model field.

• :meth:.CursorWrapper.callproc() now takes an optional dictionary of keyword
  parameters, if the backend supports this feature. Of Django's built-in
  backends, only Oracle supports it.

• The new :meth:connection.execute_wrapper() <django.db.backends.base.DatabaseWrapper.execute_wrapper> method allows
  :doc:installing wrappers around execution of database queries </topics/db/instrumentation>.

• The new filter argument for built-in aggregates allows :ref:adding different conditionals <conditional-aggregation> to multiple aggregations
  over the same fields or relations.

• Added support for expressions in :attr:Meta.ordering <django.db.models.Options.ordering>.

• The new named parameter of :meth:.QuerySet.values_list allows fetching
  results as named tuples.

• The new :class:.FilteredRelation class allows adding an ON clause to
  querysets.

Pagination

• Added :meth:Paginator.get_page() <django.core.paginator.Paginator.get_page>
  to provide the documented pattern of handling invalid page numbers.

Requests and Responses

• The :djadmin:runserver Web server supports HTTP 1.1.

Templates

• To increase the usefulness of :meth:.Engine.get_default in third-party
  apps, it now returns the first engine if multiple DjangoTemplates engines
  are configured in TEMPLATES rather than raising ImproperlyConfigured.

• Custom template tags may now accept keyword-only arguments.

Tests

• Added threading support to :class:~django.test.LiveServerTestCase.

• Added settings that allow customizing the test tablespace parameters for
  Oracle: :setting:DATAFILE_SIZE, :setting:DATAFILE_TMP_SIZE,
  :setting:DATAFILE_EXTSIZE, and :setting:DATAFILE_TMP_EXTSIZE.

Validators

• The new :class:.ProhibitNullCharactersValidator disallows the null
  character in the input of the :class:~django.forms.CharField form field
  and its subclasses. Null character input was observed from vulnerability
  scanning tools. Most databases silently discard null characters, but
  psycopg2 2.7+ raises an exception when trying to save a null character to
  a char/text field with PostgreSQL.

.. _backwards-incompatible-2.0:

Backwards incompatible changes in 2.0

Removed support for bytestrings in some places

To support native Python 2 strings, older Django versions had to accept both
bytestrings and unicode strings. Now that Python 2 support is dropped,
bytestrings should only be encountered around input/output boundaries (handling
of binary fields or HTTP streams, for example). You might have to update your
code to limit bytestring usage to a minimum, as Django no longer accepts
bytestrings in certain code paths.

For example, reverse() now uses str() instead of force_text() to
coerce the args and kwargs it receives, prior to their placement in
the URL. For bytestrings, this creates a string with an undesired b prefix
as well as additional quotes (str(b'foo') is "b'foo'"). To adapt, call
decode() on the bytestring before passing it to reverse().

Database backend API

This section describes changes that may be needed in third-party database
backends.

• The DatabaseOperations.datetime_cast_date_sql(),
  datetime_cast_time_sql(), datetime_trunc_sql(),
  datetime_extract_sql(), and date_interval_sql() methods now return
  only the SQL to perform the operation instead of SQL and a list of
  parameters.

• Third-party database backends should add a DatabaseWrapper.display_name
  attribute with the name of the database that your backend works with. Django
  may use it in various messages, such as in system checks.

• The first argument of SchemaEditor._alter_column_type_sql() is now
  model rather than table.

• The first argument of SchemaEditor._create_index_name() is now
  table_name rather than model.

• To enable FOR UPDATE OF support, set
  DatabaseFeatures.has_select_for_update_of = True. If the database
  requires that the arguments to OF be columns rather than tables, set
  DatabaseFeatures.select_for_update_of_column = True.

• To enable support for :class:~django.db.models.expressions.Window
  expressions, set DatabaseFeatures.supports_over_clause to True. You
  may need to customize the DatabaseOperations.window_start_rows_start_end()
  and/or window_start_range_start_end() methods.

• Third-party database backends should add a
  DatabaseOperations.cast_char_field_without_max_length attribute with the
  database data type that will be used in the
  :class:~django.db.models.functions.Cast function for a CharField if the
  max_length argument isn't provided.

• The first argument of DatabaseCreation._clone_test_db() and
  get_test_db_clone_settings() is now suffix rather
  than number (in case you want to rename the signatures in your backend
  for consistency). django.test also now passes those values as strings
  rather than as integers.

• Third-party database backends should add a
  DatabaseIntrospection.get_sequences() method based on the stub in
  BaseDatabaseIntrospection.

Dropped support for Oracle 11.2

The end of upstream support for Oracle 11.2 is Dec. 2020. Django 1.11 will be
supported until April 2020 which almost reaches this date. Django 2.0
officially supports Oracle 12.1+.

Default MySQL isolation level is read committed

MySQL's default isolation level, repeatable read, may cause data loss in
typical Django usage. To prevent that and for consistency with other databases,
the default isolation level is now read committed. You can use the
:setting:DATABASES setting to :ref:use a different isolation level <mysql-isolation-level>, if needed.

:attr:AbstractUser.last_name <django.contrib.auth.models.User.last_name> max_length increased to 150

A migration for :attr:django.contrib.auth.models.User.last_name is included.
If you have a custom user model inheriting from AbstractUser, you'll need
to generate and apply a database migration for your user model.

If you want to preserve the 30 character limit for last names, use a custom
form::

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm

class MyUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=30, required=False)

If you wish to keep this restriction in the admin when editing users, set
UserAdmin.form to use this form::

from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
form = MyUserChangeForm

admin.site.unregister(User)
admin.site.register(User, MyUserAdmin)

QuerySet.reverse() and last() are prohibited after slicing

Calling QuerySet.reverse() or last() on a sliced queryset leads to
unexpected results due to the slice being applied after reordering. This is
now prohibited, e.g.::

>>> Model.objects.all()[:2].reverse()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Cannot reverse a query once a slice has been taken.

Form fields no longer accept optional arguments as positional arguments

To help prevent runtime errors due to incorrect ordering of form field
arguments, optional arguments of built-in form fields are no longer accepted
as positional arguments. For example::

forms.IntegerField(25, 10)

raises an exception and should be replaced with::

forms.IntegerField(max_value=25, min_value=10)

call_command() validates the options it receives

call_command() now validates that the argument parser of the command being
called defines all of the options passed to call_command().

For custom management commands that use options not created using
parser.add_argument(), add a stealth_options attribute on the command::

class MyCommand(BaseCommand):
stealth_options = ('option_name', ...)

Indexes no longer accept positional arguments

For example::

models.Index(['headline', '-pub_date'], 'index_name')

raises an exception and should be replaced with::

models.Index(fields=['headline', '-pub_date'], name='index_name')

Foreign key constraints are now enabled on SQLite

This will appear as a backwards-incompatible change (IntegrityError: FOREIGN KEY constraint failed) if attempting to save an existing model
instance that's violating a foreign key constraint.

Foreign keys are now created with DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED instead of
DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE. Thus, tables may need to be rebuilt to recreate
foreign keys with the new definition, particularly if you're using a pattern
like this::

from django.db import transaction

with transaction.atomic():
Book.objects.create(author_id=1)
Author.objects.create(id=1)

If you don't recreate the foreign key as DEFERRED, the first create()
would fail now that foreign key constraints are enforced.

Backup your database first! After upgrading to Django 2.0, you can then
rebuild tables using a script similar to this::

from django.apps import apps
from django.db import connection

for app in apps.get_app_configs():
for model in app.get_models(include_auto_created=True):
if model._meta.managed and not (model._meta.proxy or model._meta.swapped):
for base in model.bases:
if hasattr(base, '_meta'):
base._meta.local_many_to_many = []
model._meta.local_many_to_many = []
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
editor._remake_table(model)

This script hasn't received extensive testing and needs adaption for various
cases such as multiple databases. Feel free to contribute improvements.

In addition, because of a table alteration limitation of SQLite, it's prohibited
to perform :class:~django.db.migrations.operations.RenameModel and
:class:~django.db.migrations.operations.RenameField operations on models or
fields referenced by other models in a transaction. In order to allow migrations
containing these operations to be applied, you must set the
Migration.atomic attribute to False.

Miscellaneous

• The SessionAuthenticationMiddleware class is removed. It provided no
  functionality since session authentication is unconditionally enabled in
  Django 1.10.

• The default HTTP error handlers (handler404, etc.) are now callables
  instead of dotted Python path strings. Django favors callable references
  since they provide better performance and debugging experience.

• :class:~django.views.generic.base.RedirectView no longer silences
  NoReverseMatch if the pattern_name doesn't exist.

• When :setting:USE_L10N is off, :class:~django.forms.FloatField and
  :class:~django.forms.DecimalField now respect :setting:DECIMAL_SEPARATOR
  and :setting:THOUSAND_SEPARATOR during validation. For example, with the
  settings::

USE_L10N = False
USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR = True
DECIMAL_SEPARATOR = ','
THOUSAND_SEPARATOR = '.'

an input of "1.345" is now converted to 1345 instead of 1.345.

• Subclasses of :class:~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser are no
  longer required to implement get_short_name() and get_full_name().
  (The base implementations that raise NotImplementedError are removed.)
  django.contrib.admin uses these methods if implemented but doesn't
  require them. Third-party apps that use these methods may want to adopt a
  similar approach.

• The FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK and NUMBER_GROUPING format settings are now
  kept as integers in JavaScript and JSON i18n view outputs.

• :meth:~django.test.TransactionTestCase.assertNumQueries now ignores
  connection configuration queries. Previously, if a test opened a new database
  connection, those queries could be included as part of the
  assertNumQueries() count.

• The default size of the Oracle test tablespace is increased from 20M to 50M
  and the default autoextend size is increased from 10M to 25M.

• To improve performance when streaming large result sets from the database,
  :meth:.QuerySet.iterator now fetches 2000 rows at a time instead of 100.
  The old behavior can be restored using the chunk_size parameter. For
  example::

 Book.objects.iterator(chunk_size=100)

• Providing unknown package names in the packages argument of the
  :class:~django.views.i18n.JavaScriptCatalog view now raises ValueError
  instead of passing silently.

• A model instance's primary key now appears in the default Model.__str__()
  method, e.g. Question object (1).

• makemigrations now detects changes to the model field limit_choices_to
  option. Add this to your existing migrations or accept an auto-generated
  migration for fields that use it.

• Performing queries that require :ref:automatic spatial transformations <automatic-spatial-transformations> now raises NotImplementedError
  on MySQL instead of silently using non-transformed geometries.

• django.core.exceptions.DjangoRuntimeWarning is removed. It was only used
  in the cache backend as an intermediate class in CacheKeyWarning's
  inheritance of RuntimeWarning.

• Renamed BaseExpression._output_field to output_field. You may need
  to update custom expressions.

• In older versions, forms and formsets combine their Media with widget
  Media by concatenating the two. The combining now tries to :ref:preserve the relative order of elements in each list <form-media-asset-order>.
  MediaOrderConflictWarning is issued if the order can't be preserved.

• django.contrib.gis.gdal.OGRException is removed. It's been an alias for
  GDALException since Django 1.8.

• Support for GEOS 3.3.x is dropped.

• The way data is selected for GeometryField is changed to improve
  performance, and in raw SQL queries, those fields must now be wrapped in
  connection.ops.select. See the :ref:Raw queries note<gis-raw-sql> in
  the GIS tutorial for an example.

.. _deprecated-features-2.0:

Features deprecated in 2.0

context argument of Field.from_db_value() and Expression.convert_value()

The context argument of Field.from_db_value() and
Expression.convert_value() is unused as it's always an empty dictionary.
The signature of both methods is now::

(self, value, expression, connection)

instead of::

(self, value, expression, connection, context)

Support for the old signature in custom fields and expressions remains until
Django 3.0.

Miscellaneous

• The django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2 module is deprecated in favor
  of django.db.backends.postgresql. It's been an alias since Django 1.9.
  This only affects code that imports from the module directly. The
  DATABASES setting can still use
  'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', though you can simplify that by
  using the 'django.db.backends.postgresql' name added in Django 1.9.

• django.shortcuts.render_to_response() is deprecated in favor of
  :func:django.shortcuts.render. render() takes the same arguments
  except that it also requires a request.

• The DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE setting is deprecated. It doesn't interact well
  well with third-party apps and is obsolete since HTML5 has mostly superseded
  XHTML.

• HttpRequest.xreadlines() is deprecated in favor of iterating over the
  request.

• The field_name keyword argument to :meth:.QuerySet.earliest and
  :meth:.QuerySet.latest is deprecated in favor of passing the field
  names as arguments. Write .earliest('pub_date') instead of
  .earliest(field_name='pub_date').

.. _removed-features-2.0:

Features removed in 2.0

These features have reached the end of their deprecation cycle and are removed
in Django 2.0.

See :ref:deprecated-features-1.9 for details on these changes, including how
to remove usage of these features.

• The weak argument to django.dispatch.signals.Signal.disconnect() is
  removed.

• django.db.backends.base.BaseDatabaseOperations.check_aggregate_support()
  is removed.

• The django.forms.extras package is removed.

• The assignment_tag helper is removed.

• The host argument to SimpleTestCase.assertsRedirects() is removed.
  The compatibility layer which allows absolute URLs to be considered equal to
  relative ones when the path is identical is also removed.

• Field.rel and Field.remote_field.to are removed.

• The on_delete argument for ForeignKey and OneToOneField is now
  required in models and migrations. Consider squashing migrations so that you
  have less of them to update.

• django.db.models.fields.add_lazy_relation() is removed.

• When time zone support is enabled, database backends that don't support time
  zones no longer convert aware datetimes to naive values in UTC anymore when
  such values are passed as parameters to SQL queries executed outside of the
  ORM, e.g. with cursor.execute().

• django.contrib.auth.tests.utils.skipIfCustomUser() is removed.

• The GeoManager and GeoQuerySet classes are removed.

• The django.contrib.gis.geoip module is removed.

• The supports_recursion check for template loaders is removed from:

• django.template.engine.Engine.find_template()
• django.template.loader_tags.ExtendsNode.find_template()
• django.template.loaders.base.Loader.supports_recursion()
• django.template.loaders.cached.Loader.supports_recursion()

• The load_template and load_template_sources template loader methods
  are removed.

• The template_dirs argument for template loaders is removed:

• django.template.loaders.base.Loader.get_template()
• django.template.loaders.cached.Loader.cache_key()
• django.template.loaders.cached.Loader.get_template()
• django.template.loaders.cached.Loader.get_template_sources()
• django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader.get_template_sources()

• django.template.loaders.base.Loader.__call__() is removed.

• Support for custom error views that don't accept an exception parameter
  is removed.

• The mime_type attribute of django.utils.feedgenerator.Atom1Feed and
  django.utils.feedgenerator.RssFeed is removed.

• The app_name argument to include() is removed.

• Support for passing a 3-tuple (including admin.site.urls) as the first
  argument to include() is removed.

• Support for setting a URL instance namespace without an application namespace
  is removed.

• Field._get_val_from_obj() is removed.

• django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader is removed.

• The current_app parameter to the contrib.auth function-based views is
  removed.

• The callable_obj keyword argument to
  SimpleTestCase.assertRaisesMessage() is removed.

• Support for the allow_tags attribute on ModelAdmin methods is
  removed.

• The enclosure keyword argument to SyndicationFeed.add_item() is
  removed.

• The django.template.loader.LoaderOrigin and
  django.template.base.StringOrigin aliases for
  django.template.base.Origin are removed.

See :ref:deprecated-features-1.10 for details on these changes.

• The makemigrations --exit option is removed.

• Support for direct assignment to a reverse foreign key or many-to-many
  relation is removed.

• The get_srid() and set_srid() methods of
  django.contrib.gis.geos.GEOSGeometry are removed.

• The get_x(), set_x(), get_y(), set_y(), get_z(), and
  set_z() methods of django.contrib.gis.geos.Point are removed.

• The get_coords() and set_coords() methods of
  django.contrib.gis.geos.Point are removed.

• The cascaded_union property of django.contrib.gis.geos.MultiPolygon
  is removed.

• django.utils.functional.allow_lazy() is removed.

• The shell --plain option is removed.

• The django.core.urlresolvers module is removed in favor of its new
  location, django.urls.

• CommaSeparatedIntegerField is removed, except for support in historical
  migrations.

• The template Context.has_key() method is removed.

• Support for the django.core.files.storage.Storage.accessed_time(),
  created_time(), and modified_time() methods is removed.

• Support for query lookups using the model name when
  Meta.default_related_name is set is removed.

• The MySQL __search lookup is removed.

• The shim for supporting custom related manager classes without a
  _apply_rel_filters() method is removed.

• Using User.is_authenticated() and User.is_anonymous() as methods
  rather than properties is no longer supported.

• The Model._meta.virtual_fields attribute is removed.

• The keyword arguments virtual_only in Field.contribute_to_class() and
  virtual in Model._meta.add_field() are removed.

• The javascript_catalog() and json_catalog() views are removed.

• django.contrib.gis.utils.precision_wkt() is removed.

• In multi-table inheritance, implicit promotion of a OneToOneField to a
  parent_link is removed.

• Support for Widget._format_value() is removed.

• FileField methods get_directory_name() and get_filename() are
  removed.

• The mark_for_escaping() function and the classes it uses: EscapeData,
  EscapeBytes, EscapeText, EscapeString, and EscapeUnicode are
  removed.

• The escape filter now uses django.utils.html.conditional_escape().

• Manager.use_for_related_fields is removed.

• Model Manager inheritance follows MRO inheritance rules. The requirement
  to use Meta.manager_inheritance_from_future to opt-in to the behavior is
  removed.

• Support for old-style middleware using settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES is
  removed.

===========================

1.11.8

===========================

December 2, 2017

Django 1.11.8 fixes several bugs in 1.11.7.

Bugfixes

• Reallowed, following a regression in Django 1.10, AuthenticationForm to
  raise the inactive user error when using ModelBackend (:ticket:28645).

• Added support for QuerySet.values() and values_list() for
  union(), difference(), and intersection() queries
  (:ticket:28781).

• Fixed incorrect index name truncation when using a namespaced db_table
  (:ticket:28792).

• Made QuerySet.iterator() use server-side cursors on PostgreSQL after
  values() and values_list() (:ticket:28817).

• Fixed crash on SQLite and MySQL when ordering by a filtered subquery that
  uses nulls_first or nulls_last (:ticket:28848).

• Made query lookups for CICharField, CIEmailField, and CITextField
  use a citext cast (:ticket:28702).

• Fixed a regression in caching of a GenericForeignKey when the referenced
  model instance uses multi-table inheritance (:ticket:28856).

• Fixed "Cannot change column 'x': used in a foreign key constraint" crash on
  MySQL with a sequence of AlterField and/or RenameField operations in
  a migration (:ticket:28305).

===========================

1.11.7

===========================

November 1, 2017

Django 1.11.7 fixes several bugs in 1.11.6.

Bugfixes

• Prevented cache.get_or_set() from caching None if the default
  argument is a callable that returns None (:ticket:28601).

• Fixed the Basque DATE_FORMAT string (:ticket:28710).

• Made QuerySet.reverse() affect nulls_first and nulls_last
  (:ticket:28722).

• Fixed unquoted table names in Subquery SQL when using OuterRef
  (:ticket:28689).

===========================

1.11.6

===========================

October 5, 2017

Django 1.11.6 fixes several bugs in 1.11.5.

Bugfixes

• Made the CharField form field convert whitespace-only values to the
  empty_value when strip is enabled (:ticket:28555).

• Fixed crash when using the name of a model's autogenerated primary key
  (id) in an Index's fields (:ticket:28597).

• Fixed a regression in Django 1.9 where a custom view error handler such as
  handler404 that accesses csrf_token could cause CSRF verification
  failures on other pages (:ticket:28488).

===========================

1.11.5

===========================

September 5, 2017

Django 1.11.5 fixes a security issue and several bugs in 1.11.4.

CVE-2017-12794: Possible XSS in traceback section of technical 500 debug page

In older versions, HTML autoescaping was disabled in a portion of the template
for the technical 500 debug page. Given the right circumstances, this allowed
a cross-site scripting attack. This vulnerability shouldn't affect most
production sites since you shouldn't run with DEBUG = True (which makes
this page accessible) in your production settings.

Bugfixes

• Fixed GEOS version parsing if the version has a commit hash at the end (new
  in GEOS 3.6.2) (:ticket:28441).

• Added compatibility for cx_Oracle 6 (:ticket:28498).

• Fixed select widget rendering when option values are tuples (:ticket:28502).

• Django 1.11 inadvertently changed the sequence and trigger naming scheme on
  Oracle. This causes errors on INSERTs for some tables if
  'use_returning_into': False is in the OPTIONS part of DATABASES.
  The pre-1.11 naming scheme is now restored. Unfortunately, it necessarily
  requires an update to Oracle tables created with Django 1.11.[1-4]. Use the
  upgrade script in 🎫28451 comment 8 to update sequence and trigger
  names to use the pre-1.11 naming scheme.

• Added POST request support to LogoutView, for equivalence with the
  function-based logout() view (:ticket:28513).

• Omitted pages_per_range from BrinIndex.deconstruct() if it's None
  (:ticket:25809).

• Fixed a regression where SelectDateWidget localized the years in the
  select box (:ticket:28530).

• Fixed a regression in 1.11.4 where runserver crashed with non-Unicode
  system encodings on Python 2 + Windows (:ticket:28487).

• Fixed a regression in Django 1.10 where changes to a ManyToManyField
  weren't logged in the admin change history (:ticket:27998) and prevented
  ManyToManyField initial data in model forms from being affected by
  subsequent model changes (:ticket:28543).

• Fixed non-deterministic results or an AssertionError crash in some
  queries with multiple joins (:ticket:26522).

• Fixed a regression in contrib.auth's login() and logout() views
  where they ignored positional arguments (:ticket:28550).

===========================

1.11.4

===========================

August 1, 2017

Django 1.11.4 fixes several bugs in 1.11.3.

Bugfixes

• Fixed a regression in 1.11.3 on Python 2 where non-ASCII format values
  for date/time widgets results in an empty value in the widget's HTML
  (:ticket:28355).

• Fixed QuerySet.union() and difference() when combining with
  a queryset raising EmptyResultSet (:ticket:28378).

• Fixed a regression in pickling of LazyObject on Python 2 when the wrapped
  object doesn't have __reduce__() (:ticket:28389).

• Fixed crash in runserver's autoreload with Python 2 on Windows with
  non-str environment variables (:ticket:28174).

• Corrected Field.has_changed() to return False for disabled form
  fields: BooleanField, MultipleChoiceField, MultiValueField,
  FileField, ModelChoiceField, and ModelMultipleChoiceField.

• Fixed QuerySet.count() for union(), difference(), and
  intersection() queries. (:ticket:28399).

• Fixed ClearableFileInput rendering as a subwidget of MultiWidget
  (:ticket:28414). Custom clearable_file_input.html widget templates
  will need to adapt for the fact that context values
  checkbox_name, checkbox_id, is_initial, input_text,
  initial_text, and clear_checkbox_label are now attributes of
  widget rather than appearing in the top-level context.

• Fixed queryset crash when using a GenericRelation to a proxy model
  (:ticket:28418).

===========================

1.11.3

===========================

July 1, 2017

Django 1.11.3 fixes several bugs in 1.11.2.

Bugfixes

• Removed an incorrect deprecation warning about a missing renderer
  argument if a Widget.render() method accepts **kwargs
  (:ticket:28265).

• Fixed a regression causing Model.__init__() to crash if a field has an
  instance only descriptor (:ticket:28269).

• Fixed an incorrect DisallowedModelAdminLookup exception when using
  a nested reverse relation in list_filter (:ticket:28262).

• Fixed admin's FieldListFilter.get_queryset() crash on invalid input
  (:ticket:28202).

• Fixed invalid HTML for a required AdminFileWidget (:ticket:28278).

• Fixed model initialization to set the name of class-based model indexes
  for models that only inherit models.Model (:ticket:28282).

• Fixed crash in admin's inlines when a model has an inherited non-editable
  primary key (:ticket:27967).

• Fixed QuerySet.union(), intersection(), and difference() when
  combining with an EmptyQuerySet (:ticket:28293).

• Prevented Paginator’s unordered object list warning from evaluating a
  QuerySet (:ticket:28284).

• Fixed the value of redirect_field_name in LoginView’s template
  context. It's now an empty string (as it is for the original function-based
  login() view) if the corresponding parameter isn't sent in a request (in
  particular, when the login page is accessed directly) (:ticket:28229).

• Prevented attribute values in the django/forms/widgets/attrs.html
  template from being localized so that numeric attributes (e.g. max and
  min) of NumberInput work correctly (:ticket:28303).

• Removed casting of the option value to a string in the template context of
  the CheckboxSelectMultiple, NullBooleanSelect, RadioSelect,
  SelectMultiple, and Select widgets (:ticket:28176). In Django
  1.11.1, casting was added in Python to avoid localization of numeric values
  in Django templates, but this made some use cases more difficult. Casting is
  now done in the template using the |stringformat:'s' filter.

• Prevented a primary key alteration from adding a foreign key constraint if
  db_constraint=False (:ticket:28298).

• Fixed UnboundLocalError crash in RenameField with nonexistent field
  (:ticket:28350).

• Fixed a regression preventing a model field's limit_choices_to from being
  evaluated when a ModelForm is instantiated (:ticket:28345).

===========================

1.11.2

===========================

June 1, 2017

Django 1.11.2 adds a minor feature and fixes several bugs in 1.11.1. Also, the
latest string translations from Transifex are incorporated.

Minor feature

The new LiveServerTestCase.port attribute reallows the use case of binding
to a specific port following the :ref:bind to port zero <liveservertestcase-port-zero-change> change in Django 1.11.

Bugfixes

• Added detection for GDAL 2.1 and 2.0, and removed detection for unsupported
  versions 1.7 and 1.8 (:ticket:28181).

• Changed contrib.gis to raise ImproperlyConfigured rather than
  GDALException if gdal isn't installed, to allow third-party apps to
  catch that exception (:ticket:28178).

• Fixed django.utils.http.is_safe_url() crash on invalid IPv6 URLs
  (:ticket:28142).

• Fixed regression causing pickling of model fields to crash (:ticket:28188).

• Fixed django.contrib.auth.authenticate() when multiple authentication
  backends don't accept a positional request argument (:ticket:28207).

• Fixed introspection of index field ordering on PostgreSQL (:ticket:28197).

• Fixed a regression where Model._state.adding wasn't set correctly on
  multi-table inheritance parent models after saving a child model
  (:ticket:28210).

• Allowed DjangoJSONEncoder to serialize
  django.utils.deprecation.CallableBool (:ticket:28230).

• Relaxed the validation added in Django 1.11 of the fields in the defaults
  argument of QuerySet.get_or_create() and update_or_create() to
  reallow settable model properties (:ticket:28222).

• Fixed MultipleObjectMixin.paginate_queryset() crash on Python 2 if the
  InvalidPage message contains non-ASCII (:ticket:28204).

• Prevented Subquery from adding an unnecessary CAST which resulted in
  invalid SQL (:ticket:28199).

• Corrected detection of GDAL 2.1 on Windows (:ticket:28181).

• Made date-based generic views return a 404 rather than crash when given an
  out of range date (:ticket:28209).

• Fixed a regression where file_move_safe() crashed when moving files to a
  CIFS mount (:ticket:28170).

• Moved the ImageField file extension validation added in Django 1.11 from
  the model field to the form field to reallow the use case of storing images
  without an extension (:ticket:28242).

===========================

1.11.1

===========================

May 6, 2017

Django 1.11.1 adds a minor feature and fixes several bugs in 1.11.

Allowed disabling server-side cursors on PostgreSQL

The change in Django 1.11 to make :meth:.QuerySet.iterator() use server-side
cursors on PostgreSQL prevents running Django with pgBouncer in transaction
pooling mode. To reallow that, use the :setting:DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS <DATABASE-DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS> setting in :setting:DATABASES.

See :ref:transaction-pooling-server-side-cursors for more discussion.

Bugfixes

• Made migrations respect Index’s name argument. If you created a
  named index with Django 1.11, makemigrations will create a migration to
  recreate the index with the correct name (:ticket:28051).

• Fixed a crash when using a __icontains lookup on a ArrayField
  (:ticket:28038).

• Fixed a crash when using a two-tuple in EmailMessage’s attachments
  argument (:ticket:28042).

• Fixed QuerySet.filter() crash when it references the name of a
  OneToOneField primary key (:ticket:28047).

• Fixed empty POST data table appearing instead of "No POST data" in HTML debug
  page (:ticket:28079).

• Restored BoundField\s without any choices evaluating to True
  (:ticket:28058).

• Prevented SessionBase.cycle_key() from losing session data if
  _session_cache isn't populated (:ticket:28066).

• Fixed layout of ReadOnlyPasswordHashWidget (used in the admin's user
  change page) (:ticket:28097).

• Allowed prefetch calls on managers with custom ModelIterable subclasses
  (:ticket:28096).

• Fixed change password link in the contrib.auth admin for el,
  es_MX, and pt translations (:ticket:28100).

• Restored the output of the class attribute in the <ul> of widgets
  that use the multiple_input.html template. This fixes
  ModelAdmin.radio_fields with admin.HORIZONTAL (:ticket:28059).

• Fixed crash in BaseGeometryWidget.subwidgets() (:ticket:28039).

• Fixed exception reraising in ORM query execution when cursor.execute()
  fails and the subsequent cursor.close() also fails (:ticket:28091).

• Fixed a regression where CheckboxSelectMultiple, NullBooleanSelect,
  RadioSelect, SelectMultiple, and Select localized option values
  (:ticket:28075).

• Corrected the stack level of unordered queryset pagination warnings
  (:ticket:28109).

• Fixed a regression causing incorrect queries for __in subquery lookups
  when models use ForeignKey.to_field (:ticket:28101).

• Fixed crash when overriding the template of
  django.views.static.directory_index() (:ticket:28122).

• Fixed a regression in formset min_num validation with unchanged forms
  that have initial data (:ticket:28130).

• Prepared for cx_Oracle 6.0 support (:ticket:28138).

• Updated the contrib.postgres SplitArrayWidget to use template-based
  widget rendering (:ticket:28040).

• Fixed crash in BaseGeometryWidget.get_context() when overriding existing
  attrs (:ticket:28105).

• Prevented AddIndex and RemoveIndex from mutating model state
  (:ticket:28043).

• Prevented migrations from dropping database indexes from Meta.indexes
  when changing Field.db_index to False (:ticket:28052).

• Fixed a regression in choice ordering in form fields with grouped and
  non-grouped options (:ticket:28157).

• Fixed crash in BaseInlineFormSet._construct_form() when using
  save_as_new (:ticket:28159).

• Fixed a regression where Model._state.db wasn't set correctly on
  multi-table inheritance parent models after saving a child model
  (:ticket:28166).

• Corrected the return type of ArrayField(CITextField()) values retrieved
  from the database (:ticket:28161).

• Fixed QuerySet.prefetch_related() crash when fetching relations in nested
  Prefetch objects (:ticket:27554).

• Prevented hiding GDAL errors if it's not installed when using contrib.gis
  (:ticket:28160). (It's a required dependency as of Django 1.11.)

• Fixed a regression causing __in lookups on a foreign key to fail when
  using the foreign key's parent model as the lookup value (:ticket:28175).

=========================

1.11

=========================

April 4, 2017

Welcome to Django 1.11!

These release notes cover the :ref:new features <whats-new-1.11>, as well as
some :ref:backwards incompatible changes <backwards-incompatible-1.11> you'll
want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 1.10 or older versions. We've
:ref:begun the deprecation process for some features <deprecated-features-1.11>.

See the :doc:/howto/upgrade-version guide if you're updating an existing
project.

Django 1.11 is designated as a :term:long-term support release. It will
receive security updates for at least three years after its release. Support
for the previous LTS, Django 1.8, will end in April 2018.

Python compatibility

Django 1.11 requires Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, or 3.6. Django 1.11 is the first
release to support Python 3.6. We highly recommend and only officially
support the latest release of each series.

The Django 1.11.x series is the last to support Python 2. The next major
release, Django 2.0, will only support Python 3.4+.

Deprecating warnings are no longer loud by default

Unlike older versions of Django, Django's own deprecation warnings are no
longer displayed by default. This is consistent with Python's default behavior.

This change allows third-party apps to support both Django 1.11 LTS and Django
1.8 LTS without having to add code to avoid deprecation warnings.

Following the release of Django 2.0, we suggest that third-party app authors
drop support for all versions of Django prior to 1.11. At that time, you should
be able run your package's tests using python -Wd so that deprecation
warnings do appear. After making the deprecation warning fixes, your app should
be compatible with Django 2.0.

.. _whats-new-1.11:

What's new in Django 1.11

Class-based model indexes

The new :mod:django.db.models.indexes module contains classes which ease
creating database indexes. Indexes are added to models using the
:attr:Meta.indexes <django.db.models.Options.indexes> option.

The :class:~django.db.models.Index class creates a b-tree index, as if you
used :attr:~django.db.models.Field.db_index on the model field or
:attr:~django.db.models.Options.index_together on the model Meta class.
It can be subclassed to support different index types, such as
:class:~django.contrib.postgres.indexes.GinIndex. It also allows defining the
order (ASC/DESC) for the columns of the index.

Template-based widget rendering

To ease customizing widgets, form widget rendering is now done using the
template system rather than in Python. See :doc:/ref/forms/renderers.

You may need to adjust any custom widgets that you've written for a few
:ref:backwards incompatible changes <template-widget-incompatibilities-1-11>.

Subquery expressions

The new :class:~django.db.models.Subquery and
:class:~django.db.models.Exists database expressions allow creating
explicit subqueries. Subqueries may refer to fields from the outer queryset
using the :class:~django.db.models.OuterRef class.

Minor features

:mod:django.contrib.admin

• :attr:.ModelAdmin.date_hierarchy can now reference fields across relations.

• The new :meth:ModelAdmin.get_exclude() <django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.get_exclude> hook allows specifying the
  exclude fields based on the request or model instance.

• The popup_response.html template can now be overridden per app, per
  model, or by setting the :attr:.ModelAdmin.popup_response_template
  attribute.

:mod:django.contrib.auth

• The default iteration count for the PBKDF2 password hasher is increased by
  20%.

• The :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.LoginView and
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.LogoutView class-based views supersede the
  deprecated login() and logout() function-based views.

• The :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordChangeView,
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordChangeDoneView,
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordResetView,
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordResetDoneView,
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordResetConfirmView, and
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordResetCompleteView class-based
  views supersede the deprecated password_change(),
  password_change_done(), password_reset(), password_reset_done(),
  password_reset_confirm(), and password_reset_complete() function-based
  views.

• The new post_reset_login attribute for
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordResetConfirmView allows
  automatically logging in a user after a successful password reset.
  If you have multiple AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS configured, use the
  post_reset_login_backend attribute to choose which one to use.

• To avoid the possibility of leaking a password reset token via the HTTP
  Referer header (for example, if the reset page includes a reference to CSS or
  JavaScript hosted on another domain), the
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.PasswordResetConfirmView (but not the
  deprecated password_reset_confirm() function-based view) stores the token
  in a session and redirects to itself to present the password change form to
  the user without the token in the URL.

• :func:~django.contrib.auth.update_session_auth_hash now rotates the session
  key to allow a password change to invalidate stolen session cookies.

• The new success_url_allowed_hosts attribute for
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.LoginView and
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.views.LogoutView allows specifying a set of
  hosts that are safe for redirecting after login and logout.

• Added password validators help_text to
  :class:~django.contrib.auth.forms.UserCreationForm.

• The HttpRequest is now passed to :func:~django.contrib.auth.authenticate
  which in turn passes it to the authentication backend if it accepts a
  request argument.

• The :func:~django.contrib.auth.signals.user_login_failed signal now
  receives a request argument.

• :class:~django.contrib.auth.forms.PasswordResetForm supports custom user
  models that use an email field named something other than 'email'.
  Set :attr:CustomUser.EMAIL_FIELD <django.contrib.auth.models.CustomUser.EMAIL_FIELD> to the name of the field.

• :func:~django.contrib.auth.get_user_model can now be called at import time,
  even in modules that define models.

:mod:django.contrib.contenttypes

• When stale content types are detected in the
  :djadmin:remove_stale_contenttypes command, there's now a list of related
  objects such as auth.Permission\s that will also be deleted. Previously,
  only the content types were listed (and this prompt was after migrate
  rather than in a separate command).

:mod:django.contrib.gis

• The new :meth:.GEOSGeometry.from_gml and :meth:.OGRGeometry.from_gml
  methods allow creating geometries from GML.

• Added support for the :lookup:dwithin lookup on SpatiaLite.

• The :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.Area function,
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.Distance function, and
  distance lookups now work with geodetic coordinates on SpatiaLite.

• The OpenLayers-based form widgets now use OpenLayers.js from
  https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com which is more suitable for production use
  than the the old http://openlayers.org source. They are also updated to
  use OpenLayers 3.

• PostGIS migrations can now change field dimensions.

• Added the ability to pass the size, shape, and offset parameter when
  creating :class:~django.contrib.gis.gdal.GDALRaster objects.

• Added SpatiaLite support for the
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.IsValid function,
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.MakeValid function, and
  :lookup:isvalid lookup.

• Added Oracle support for the
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.AsGML function,
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.BoundingCircle function,
  :class:~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.IsValid function, and
  :lookup:isvalid lookup.

:mod:django.contrib.postgres

• The new distinct argument for
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.aggregates.StringAgg determines if
  concatenated values will be distinct.

• The new :class:~django.contrib.postgres.indexes.GinIndex and
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.indexes.BrinIndex classes allow
  creating GIN and BRIN indexes in the database.

• :class:~django.contrib.postgres.fields.JSONField accepts a new encoder
  parameter to specify a custom class to encode data types not supported by the
  standard encoder.

• The new :class:~django.contrib.postgres.fields.CIText mixin and
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CITextExtension migration
  operation allow using PostgreSQL's citext extension for case-insensitive
  lookups. Three fields are provided: :class:.CICharField,
  :class:.CIEmailField, and :class:.CITextField.

• The new :class:~django.contrib.postgres.aggregates.JSONBAgg allows
  aggregating values as a JSON array.

• The :class:~django.contrib.postgres.fields.HStoreField (model field) and
  :class:~django.contrib.postgres.forms.HStoreField (form field) allow
  storing null values.

Cache

• Memcached backends now pass the contents of :setting:OPTIONS <CACHES-OPTIONS>
  as keyword arguments to the client constructors, allowing for more advanced
  control of client behavior. See the :ref:cache arguments <cache_arguments>
  documentation for examples.

• Memcached backends now allow defining multiple servers as a comma-delimited
  string in :setting:LOCATION <CACHES-LOCATION>, for convenience with
  third-party services that use such strings in environment variables.

CSRF

• Added the :setting:CSRF_USE_SESSIONS setting to allow storing the CSRF
  token in the user's session rather than in a cookie.

Database backends

• Added the skip_locked argument to :meth:.QuerySet.select_for_update()
  on PostgreSQL 9.5+ and Oracle to execute queries with
  FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED.

• Added the :setting:TEST['TEMPLATE'] <TEST_TEMPLATE> setting to let
  PostgreSQL users specify a template for creating the test database.

• :meth:.QuerySet.iterator() now uses :ref:server-side cursors <psycopg2:server-side-cursors> on PostgreSQL. This feature transfers some of
  the worker memory load (used to hold query results) to the database and might
  increase database memory usage.

• Added MySQL support for the 'isolation_level' option in
  :setting:OPTIONS to allow specifying the :ref:transaction isolation level <mysql-isolation-level>. To avoid possible data loss, it's recommended to
  switch from MySQL's default level, repeatable read, to read committed.

• Added support for cx_Oracle 5.3.

Email

• Added the :setting:EMAIL_USE_LOCALTIME setting to allow sending SMTP date
  headers in the local time zone rather than in UTC.

• EmailMessage.attach() and attach_file() now fall back to MIME type
  application/octet-stream when binary content that can't be decoded as
  UTF-8 is specified for a text/* attachment.

File Storage

• To make it wrappable by :class:io.TextIOWrapper,
  :class:~django.core.files.File now has the readable(), writable(),
  and seekable() methods.

Forms

• The new :attr:`CharField.empty_value <django.forms.CharField

[jambonrose]

TravisCI run 104.9 (Python 3.6 for Django 1.11) raises an AttributeError with the message:

'NoneType' object has no attribute 'pattern'

This appears to be due to the fact that pylint-django has not updated to meet changes in pylint 1.8: pylint-dev/pylint-django#108

PyLint should therefore be frozen at 1.7.5. Astroid may also need to be frozen.

What's more, the alpha version of Django 2.0 should be removed from config files, and version flexibility preserved.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #63 into development will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           development    #63   +/-   ##
==========================================
  Coverage          100%   100%           
==========================================
  Files                9      9           
  Lines              175    175           
  Branches            11     11           
==========================================
  Hits               175    175

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