Another of those super complex problems, that has a very simple solution... makes you wonder: ¿how could i Not see that?
Problem: when you use / plug a Very Large HDD to USB3.0 on Linux. most of the times the HDD is Not detected.
IF the USB3.0 enclosure has a external powersupply, can be turned-On, after being plugged or continue to be On un-plugged from USB.
usually external enclosures with ASMedia USB SATA controller.
Manual Solution: unplug the usb cable with HDD turned-on, and plug again. that will detect the Very Large USB HDD.
Proper Automatic Permanent solution:
create a file like this:
/etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf
options usb-storage delay_use=15
# install usb-storage /bin/true
# options usb-storage option_zero_cd
# options usb-storage quirks
# options usb-storage swi_tru_install
P.D. 10 seconds can work for 18TB hdd, but... its on the edge. 20TB could require more, and brand to brand differences.
if want to read some of the long conversations, and how the soluton was found: