Merge pull request #26396 from zhiguo-lu/zh-trans-check-dockershim-de…

…precation

[zh] translate check if dockershim affects you

content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/migrating-from-dockershim/check-if-dockershim-deprecation-affects-you.md

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+---
+title: 检查弃用 Dockershim 对你的影响
+content_type: task 
+weight: 20
+---
+<!-- 
+title: Check whether Dockershim deprecation affects you
+content_type: task 
+reviewers:
+- SergeyKanzhelev
+weight: 20
+-->
+
+<!-- overview -->
+
+<!-- 
+The `dockershim` component of Kubernetes allows to use Docker as a Kubernetes's
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="container runtime" term_id="container-runtime" >}}.
+Kubernetes' built-in `dockershim` component was deprecated in release v1.20.
+-->
+Kubernetes 的 `dockershim` 组件使得你可以把 Docker 用作 Kubernetes 的
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="容器运行时" term_id="container-runtime" >}}。
+在 Kubernetes v1.20 版本中，内建组件 `dockershim` 被弃用。
+
+<!-- 
+This page explains how your cluster could be using Docker as a container runtime,
+provides details on the role that `dockershim` plays when in use, and shows steps
+you can take to check whether any workloads could be affected by `dockershim` deprecation.
+-->
+本页讲解你的集群把 Docker 用作容器运行时的运作机制，
+并提供使用 `dockershim` 时，它所扮演角色的详细信息，
+继而展示了一组验证步骤，可用来检查弃用 `dockershim` 对你的工作负载的影响。
+
+<!-- 
+## Finding if your app has a dependencies on Docker {#find-docker-dependencies} 
+-->
+## 检查你的应用是否依赖于 Docker {#find-docker-dependencies}
+
+<!-- 
+If you are using Docker for building your application containers, you can still
+run these containers on any container runtime. This use of Docker does not count
+as a dependency on Docker as a container runtime.
+-->
+虽然你通过 Docker 创建了应用容器，但这些容器却可以运行于所有容器运行时。
+所以这种使用 Docker 容器运行时的方式并不构成对 Docker 的依赖。
+
+<!-- 
+When alternative container runtime is used, executing Docker commands may either
+not work or yield unexpected output. This is how you can find whether you have a
+dependency on Docker:
+-->
+当用了替代的容器运行时之后，Docker 命令可能不工作，甚至产生意外的输出。
+这才是判定你是否依赖于 Docker 的方法。
+
+<!-- 
+1. Make sure no privileged Pods execute Docker commands.
+2. Check that scripts and apps running on nodes outside of Kubernetes
+   infrastructure do not execute Docker commands. It might be:
+   - SSH to nodes to troubleshoot;
+   - Node startup scripts;
+   - Monitoring and security agents installed on nodes directly.
+3. Third-party tools that perform above mentioned privileged operations. See
+   [Migrating telemetry and security agents from dockershim](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/migrating-from-dockershim/migrating-telemetry-and-security-agents)
+   for more information.
+4. Make sure there is no indirect dependencies on dockershim behavior.
+   This is an edge case and unlikely to affect your application. Some tooling may be configured
+   to react to Docker-specific behaviors, for example, raise alert on specific metrics or search for
+   a specific log message as part of troubleshooting instructions.
+   If you have such tooling configured, test the behavior on test
+   cluster before migration.
+ -->
+1. 确认没有特权 Pod 执行 docker 命令。
+2. 检查 Kubernetes 基础架构外部节点上的脚本和应用，确认它们没有执行 Docker 命令。可能的命令有：
+   - SSH 到节点排查故障；
+   - 节点启动脚本；
+   - 直接安装在节点上的监视和安全代理。
+3. 检查执行了上述特权操作的第三方工具。详细操作请参考:
+   [从 dockershim 迁移遥测和安全代理](/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/migrating-from-dockershim/migrating-telemetry-and-security-agents/)
+4. 确认没有对 dockershim 行为的间接依赖。这是一种极端情况，不太可能影响你的应用。
+   一些工具很可能被配置为使用了 Docker 特性，比如，基于特定指标发警报，或者在故障排查指令的一个环节中搜索特定的日志信息。
+   如果你有此类配置的工具，需要在迁移之前，在测试集群上完成功能验证。
+
+
+<!-- 
+## Dependency on Docker explained {#role-of-dockershim}  
+-->
+## Docker 依赖详解 {#role-of-dockershim}
+
+<!-- 
+A [container runtime](/docs/concepts/containers/#container-runtimes) is software that can
+execute the containers that make up a Kubernetes pod. Kubernetes is responsible for orchestration
+and scheduling of Pods; on each node, the {{< glossary_tooltip text="kubelet" term_id="kubelet" >}}
+uses the container runtime interface as an abstraction so that you can use any compatible
+container runtime.
+ -->
+[容器运行时](/zh/docs/concepts/containers/#container-runtimes)是一个软件，用来运行组成 Kubernetes Pod 的容器。
+Kubernetes 负责编排和调度 Pod；在每一个节点上，
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="kubelet" term_id="kubelet" >}}
+使用抽象的容器运行时接口，所以你可以任意选用兼容的容器运行时。
+
+<!-- 
+In its earliest releases, Kubernetes offered compatibility with just one container runtime: Docker.
+Later in the Kubernetes project's history, cluster operators wanted to adopt additional container runtimes.
+The CRI was designed to allow this kind of flexibility - and the kubelet began supporting CRI. However,
+because Docker existed before the CRI specification was invented, the Kubernetes project created an
+adapter component, `dockershim`. The dockershim adapter allows the kubelet to interact with Docker as
+if Docker were a CRI compatible runtime.
+ -->
+在早期版本中，Kubernetes 提供的兼容性只支持一个容器运行时：Docker。
+在 Kubernetes 发展历史中，集群运营人员希望采用更多的容器运行时。
+于是 CRI 被设计出来满足这类灵活性需要 - 而 kubelet 亦开始支持 CRI。
+然而，因为 Docker 在 CRI 规范创建之前就已经存在，Kubernetes 就创建了一个适配器组件：`dockershim`。
+dockershim 适配器允许 kubelet 与 Docker交互，就好像 Docker 是一个 CRI 兼容的运行时一样。
+
+<!-- 
+You can read about it in [Kubernetes Containerd integration goes GA](/blog/2018/05/24/kubernetes-containerd-integration-goes-ga/) blog post.
+ -->
+你可以阅读博文
+[Kubernetes 容器集成功能的正式发布](/zh/blog/2018/05/24/kubernetes-containerd-integration-goes-ga/)
+
+<!-- Dockershim vs. CRI with Containerd -->
+![Dockershim 和 Containerd CRI 的实现对比图](/images/blog/2018-05-24-kubernetes-containerd-integration-goes-ga/cri-containerd.png)
+
+<!-- 
+Switching to Containerd as a container runtime eliminates the middleman. All the
+same containers can be run by container runtimes like Containerd as before. But
+now, since containers schedule directly with the container runtime, they are not visible to Docker.
+So any Docker tooling or fancy UI you might have used
+before to check on these containers is no longer available.
+ -->
+切换到容器运行时 Containerd 可以消除掉中间环节。
+所有以前遗留的容器可由 Containerd 这类容器运行时来运行和管理，操作体验也和以前一样。
+但是现在，由于直接用容器运行时调度容器，所以它们对 Docker 来说是不可见的。
+因此，你以前用来检查这些容器的 Docker 工具或漂亮的 UI 都不再可用。
+
+<!-- 
+You cannot get container information using `docker ps` or `docker inspect`
+commands. As you cannot list containers, you cannot get logs, stop containers,
+or execute something inside container using `docker exec`.
+ -->
+你不能再使用 `docker ps` 或 `docker inspect` 命令来获取容器信息。
+由于你不能列出容器，因此你不能获取日志、停止容器，甚至不能通过 `docker exec` 在容器中执行命令。
+
+<!-- 
+If you're running workloads via Kubernetes, the best way to stop a container is through
+the Kubernetes API rather than directly through the container runtime (this advice applies
+for all container runtimes, not just Docker).
+ -->
+{{< note >}}
+
+如果你用 Kubernetes 运行工作负载，最好通过 Kubernetes API停止容器，而不是通过容器运行时
+（此建议适用于所有容器运行时，不仅仅是针对 Docker）。
+
+{{< /note >}}
+
+<!-- 
+You can still pull images or build them using `docker build` command. But images
+built or pulled by Docker would not be visible to container runtime and
+Kubernetes. They needed to be pushed to some registry to allow them to be used
+by Kubernetes.
+ -->
+你仍然可以下载镜像，或者用 `docker build` 命令创建它们。
+但用 Docker 创建、下载的镜像，对于容器运行时和 Kubernetes，均不可见。
+为了在 Kubernetes 中使用，需要把镜像推送（push）到某注册中心。