Life is short, skim!

Half of our life is spent on navigation: files, lines, commands… You need skim! It is a general fuzzy finder that saves you time.

skim provides a single executable: sk. Basically anywhere you would want to use grep, try sk instead.

Table of contents

• Installation
• Usage
  • As Filter
  • As Interactive Interface
  • Key Bindings
  • Search Syntax
  • Exit code
• Customization
  • Keymap to redefine
  • Sort Criteria
  • Color Scheme
  • Misc
• Advance Topics
  • Interactive Mode
  • Executing external programs
  • Preview Window
  • Fields Support
  • Use as a Library
• FAQ
  • How to ignore files?
  • Some files are not shown in vim plugin
• Differences to fzf
• How to contribute

Installation

The skim project contains several components:

1. sk executable -- the core.
2. sk-tmux -- script for launching sk in a tmux pane.
3. Vim/Nvim plugin -- to call sk inside Vim/Nvim. check skim.vim for more Vim support.

Package Managers

Distribution	Package Manager	Command
macOS	Homebrew	brew install sk
macOS	MacPorts	sudo port install skim
Fedora	dnf	dnf install skim
Alpine	apk	apk add skim
Arch	pacman	pacman -S skim
Gentoo	Portage	emerge --ask app-misc/skim

See repology for a comprehensive overview of package availability.

Install as Vim plugin

Via vim-plug (recommended):

Plug 'lotabout/skim', { 'dir': '~/.skim', 'do': './install' }

Hard Core

Any of the following applies:

• Using Git

  $ git clone --depth 1 [email protected]:lotabout/skim.git ~/.skim
  $ ~/.skim/install

• Using Binary: directly download the sk executable.
• Install from crates.io: cargo install skim
• Build Manually

  $ git clone --depth 1 [email protected]:lotabout/skim.git ~/.skim
  $ cd ~/.skim
  $ cargo install
  $ cargo build --release
  $ # put the resulting `target/release/sk` executable on your PATH.

Usage

skim can be used as a general filter (like grep) or as an interactive interface for invoking commands.

As filter

Try the following

# directly invoke skim
sk

# or pipe some input to it: (press TAB key select multiple items with -m enabled)
vim $(find . -name "*.rs" | sk -m)

The above command will allow you to select files with ".rs" extension and open the ones you selected in Vim.

As Interactive Interface

skim can invoke other commands dynamically. Normally you would want to integrate it with grep, ack, ag, or rg for searching contents in a project directory:

# works with grep
sk --ansi -i -c 'grep -rI --color=always --line-number "{}" .'
# works with ack
sk --ansi -i -c 'ack --color "{}"'
# works with ag
sk --ansi -i -c 'ag --color "{}"'
# works with rg
sk --ansi -i -c 'rg --color=always --line-number "{}"'

Key Bindings

Some commonly used key bindings:

Key	Action
Enter	Accept (select current one and quit)
ESC/Ctrl-G	Abort
Ctrl-P/Up	Move cursor up
Ctrl-N/Down	Move cursor Down
TAB	Toggle selection and move down (with -m)
Shift-TAB	Toggle selection and move up (with -m)

For full list of key bindings, check out the man page (man sk).

Search Syntax

skim borrowed fzf's syntax for matching items:

Token	Match type	Description
text	fuzzy-match	items that match text
^music	prefix-exact-match	items that start with music
.mp3$	suffix-exact-match	items that end with .mp3
'wild	exact-match (quoted)	items that include wild
!fire	inverse-exact-match	items that do not include fire
!.mp3$	inverse-suffix-exact-match	items that do not end with .mp3

skim also supports the combination of tokens.

• Whitespace has the meaning of AND. With the term src main, skim will search for items that match both src and main.
• | means OR (note the spaces around |). With the term .md$ | .markdown$, skim will search for items ends with either .md or .markdown.
• OR has higher precedence. So readme .md$ | .markdown$ is grouped into readme AND (.md$ OR .markdown$).

In case that you want to use regular expressions, skim provides regex mode:

sk --regex

You can switch to regex mode dynamically by pressing Ctrl-R (Rotate Mode).

exit code

Exit Code	Meaning
0	Exit normally
1	No Match found
130	Abort by Ctrl-C/Ctrl-G/ESC/etc...

Customization

The doc here is only a preview, please check the man page (man sk) for a full list of options.

Keymap

Specify the bindings with comma separated pairs (no space allowed), example:

sk --bind 'alt-a:select-all,alt-d:deselect-all'

Additionally, use + to concatenate actions, such as execute-silent(echo {} | pbcopy)+abort.

See the KEY BINDINGS section of the man page for details.

Sort Criteria

There are five sort keys for results: score, index, begin, end, length, you can specify how the records are sorted by sk --tiebreak score,index,-begin or any other order you want.

Color Scheme

It is a high chance that you are a better artist than me. Luckily you won't be stuck with the default colors, skim supports customization of the color scheme.

--color=[BASE_SCHEME][,COLOR:ANSI]

The configuration of colors starts with the name of the base color scheme, followed by custom color mappings. For example:

sk --color=current_bg:24
sk --color=light,fg:232,bg:255,current_bg:116,info:27

See --color option in the man page for details.

Misc

• --ansi: to parse ANSI color codes (e.g., \e[32mABC) of the data source
• --regex: use the query as regular expression to match the data source

Advanced Topics

Interactive mode

With "interactive mode", you could invoke command dynamically. Try out:

sk --ansi -i -c 'rg --color=always --line-number "{}"'

How it works?

• Skim could accept two kinds of source: command output or piped input
• Skim has two kinds of prompts: A query prompt to specify the query pattern and a command prompt to specify the "arguments" of the command
• -c is used to specify the command to execute while defaults to SKIM_DEFAULT_COMMAND
• -i is to tell skim open command prompt on startup, which will show c> by default.

If you want to further narrow down the results returned by the command, press Ctrl-Q to toggle interactive mode.

Executing external programs

You can set up key bindings for starting external processes without leaving skim (execute, execute-silent).

# Press F1 to open the file with less without leaving skim
# Press CTRL-Y to copy the line to clipboard and aborts skim (requires pbcopy)
sk --bind 'f1:execute(less -f {}),ctrl-y:execute-silent(echo {} | pbcopy)+abort'

Preview Window

This is a great feature of fzf that skim borrows. For example, we use 'ag' to find the matched lines, once we narrow down to the target lines, we want to finally decide which lines to pick by checking the context around the line. grep and ag has an option --context, skim can do better with preview window. For example:

sk --ansi -i -c 'ag --color "{}"' --preview "preview.sh {}"

(Note the preview.sh is a script to print the context given filename:lines:columns) You got things like this:

How does it work?

If the preview command is given by the --preview option, skim will replace the {} with the current highlighted line surrounded by single quotes, call the command to get the output, and print the output on the preview window.

Sometimes you don't need the whole line for invoking the command. In this case you can use {}, {1..}, {..3} or {1..5} to select the fields. The syntax is explained in the section "Fields Support".

Last, you might want to configure the position of preview windows, use --preview-window.

• --preview-window up:30% to put the window in the up position with height 30% of the total height of skim.
• --preview-window left:10:wrap, to specify the wrap allows the preview window to wrap the output of the preview command.
• --preview-window wrap:hidden to hide the preview window at startup, later it can be shown by the action toggle-preview.

Fields support

Normally only plugin users need to understand this.

For example, you have the data source with the format:

<filename>:<line number>:<column number>

However, you want to search <filename> only when typing in queries. That means when you type 21, you want to find a <filename> that contains 21, but not matching line number or column number.

You can use sk --delimiter ':' --nth 1 to achieve this.

Also you can use --with-nth to re-arrange the order of fields.

Range Syntax

• <num> -- to specify the num-th fields, starting with 1.
• start.. -- starting from the start-th fields, and the rest.
• ..end -- starting from the 0-th field, all the way to end-th field, including end.
• start..end -- starting from start-th field, all the way to end-th field, including end.

Use as a library

Skim can be used as a library in your Rust crates.

First, add skim into your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
skim = "*"

Then try to run this simple example:

extern crate skim;
use skim::prelude::*;
use std::io::Cursor;

pub fn main() {
    let options = SkimOptionsBuilder::default()
        .height(Some("50%"))
        .multi(true)
        .build()
        .unwrap();

    let input = "aaaaa\nbbbb\nccc".to_string();

    // `SkimItemReader` is a helper to turn any `BufRead` into a stream of `SkimItem`
    // `SkimItem` was implemented for `AsRef<str>` by default
    let item_reader = SkimItemReader::default();
    let items = item_reader.of_bufread(Cursor::new(input));

    // `run_with` would read and show items from the stream
    let selected_items = Skim::run_with(&options, Some(items))
        .map(|out| out.selected_items)
        .unwrap_or_else(|| Vec::new());

    for item in selected_items.iter() {
        print!("{}{}", item.output(), "\n");
    }
}

Given an Option<SkimItemReceiver>, skim will read items accordingly, do its job and bring us back the user selection including the selected items, the query, etc. Note that:

• SkimItemReceiver is crossbeam::channel::Receiver<Arc<dyn SkimItem>>
• If it is none, it will invoke the given command and read items from command output
• Otherwise, it will read the items from the (crossbeam) channel.

Trait SkimItem is provided to customize how a line could be displayed, compared and previewed. It is implemented by default for AsRef<str>

Plus, SkimItemReader is a helper to convert a BufRead into SkimItemReceiver (we can easily turn a File for String into BufRead). So that you could deal with strings or files easily.

Check more examples under examples/ directory.

FAQ

How to ignore files?

Skim invokes find . to fetch a list of files for filtering. You can override that by setting the environment variable SKIM_DEFAULT_COMMAND. For example:

$ SKIM_DEFAULT_COMMAND="fd --type f || git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD || rg --files || find ."
$ sk

You could put it in your .bashrc or .zshrc if you like it to be default.

Some files are not shown in Vim plugin

If you use the Vim plugin and execute the :SK command, you might find some of your files not shown.

As described in #3, in the Vim plugin, SKIM_DEFAULT_COMMAND is set to the command by default:

let $SKIM_DEFAULT_COMMAND = "git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD || rg --files || ag -l -g \"\" || find ."

That means, the files not recognized by git will not shown. Either override the default with let $SKIM_DEFAULT_COMMAND = '' or find the missing file by yourself.

Differences to fzf

fzf is a command-line fuzzy finder written in Go and skim tries to implement a new one in Rust!

This project is written from scratch. Some decisions of implementation are different from fzf. For example:

1. skim is a binary as well as a library while fzf is only a binary.
2. skim has an interactive mode.
3. skim supports pre-selection
4. The fuzzy search algorithm is different.
5. UI of showing matched items. fzf will show only the range matched while skim will show each character matched. (fzf has this now)
6. skim's range syntax is Git style: now it is the same with fzf.

How to contribute

Create new issues if you meet any bugs or have any ideas. Pull requests are warmly welcomed.

Troubleshooting

No line feed issues with nix , FreeBSD, termux

If you encounter display issues like:

$ for n in {1..10}; do echo "$n"; done | sk
  0/10 0/0.> 10/10  10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2> 1

For example

• #412
• #455

You need to set TERMINFO or TERMINFO_DIRS to the path to a correct terminfo database path

For example, with termux, you can add in your bashr:

export TERMINFO=/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/share/terminfo