[python-package] [dask] fix mypy errors regarding predict_proba (#5728)

python-package/lightgbm/dask.py

@@ -1255,13 +1255,29 @@ def predict(
         X_SHAP_values_shape="Dask Array of shape = [n_samples, n_features + 1] or shape = [n_samples, (n_features + 1) * n_classes] or (if multi-class and using sparse inputs) a list of ``n_classes`` Dask Arrays of shape = [n_samples, n_features + 1]"
     )
 
-    def predict_proba(self, X: _DaskMatrixLike, **kwargs: Any) -> dask_Array:
+    def predict_proba(
+        self,
+        X: _DaskMatrixLike,
+        raw_score: bool = False,
+        start_iteration: int = 0,
+        num_iteration: Optional[int] = None,
+        pred_leaf: bool = False,
+        pred_contrib: bool = False,
+        validate_features: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dask_Array:
         """Docstring is inherited from the lightgbm.LGBMClassifier.predict_proba."""
         return _predict(
             model=self.to_local(),
             data=X,
             pred_proba=True,
             client=_get_dask_client(self.client),
+            raw_score=raw_score,
+            start_iteration=start_iteration,
+            num_iteration=num_iteration,
+            pred_leaf=pred_leaf,
+            pred_contrib=pred_contrib,
+            validate_features=validate_features,
             **kwargs
         )