SQLCipher extends the SQLite database library to add security enhancements that make it more suitable for encrypted local data storage such as on-the-fly encryption, tamper evidence, and key derivation. Based on SQLite, SQLCipher closely tracks SQLite and periodically integrates stable SQLite release features.
SQLCipher is maintained by Zetetic, LLC, the official site can be found here.
- Fast performance with as little as 5-15% overhead for encryption on many operations
- 100% of data in the database file is encrypted
- Good security practices (CBC mode, HMAC, key derivation)
- Zero-configuration and application level cryptography
- Algorithms provided by the peer reviewed OpenSSL crypto library.
- Configurable crypto providers
We welcome contributions, to contribute to SQLCipher, a contributor agreement needs to be submitted. All submissions should be based on the prerelease branch.
Building SQLCipher is almost the same as compiling a regular version of SQLite with two small exceptions:
- You must define
SQLITE_HAS_CODECandSQLITE_TEMP_STORE=2when building sqlcipher. - If compiling against the default OpenSSL crypto provider, you will need to link libcrypto
Example Static linking (replace /opt/local/lib with the path to libcrypto.a). Note in this
example, --enable-tempstore=yes is setting SQLITE_TEMP_STORE=2 for the build.
$ ./configure --enable-tempstore=yes CFLAGS="-DSQLITE_HAS_CODEC" \
LDFLAGS="/opt/local/lib/libcrypto.a"
$ make
Example Dynamic linking
$ ./configure --enable-tempstore=yes CFLAGS="-DSQLITE_HAS_CODEC" \
LDFLAGS="-lcrypto"
$ make
To specify an encryption passphrase for the database via the SQL interface you use a pragma. The passphrase you enter is passed through PBKDF2 key derivation to obtain the encryption key for the database
PRAGMA key = 'passphrase';
Alternately, you can specify an exact byte sequence using a blob literal. If you use this method it is your responsibility to ensure that the data you provide is a 64 character hex string, which will be converted directly to 32 bytes (256 bits) of key data without key derivation.
PRAGMA key = "x'2DD29CA851E7B56E4697B0E1F08507293D761A05CE4D1B628663F411A8086D99'";
To encrypt a database programatically you can use the sqlite3_key function.
The data provided in pKey is converted to an encryption key according to the
same rules as PRAGMA key.
int sqlite3_key(sqlite3 *db, const void *pKey, int nKey);
PRAGMA key or sqlite3_key should be called as the first operation when a database is open.
To change the encryption passphrase for an existing database you may use the rekey pragma after you've supplied the correct database password;
PRAGMA key = 'passphrase'; -- start with the existing database passphrase
PRAGMA rekey = 'new-passphrase'; -- rekey will reencrypt with the new passphrase
The hex rekey pragma may be used to rekey to a specific binary value
PRAGMA rekey = "x'2DD29CA851E7B56E4697B0E1F08507293D761A05CE4D1B628663F411A8086D99'";
This can be accomplished programtically by using sqlite3_rekey;
sqlite3_rekey(sqlite3 *db, const void *pKey, int nKey)
The primary avenue for support and discussions is the SQLCipher discuss site:
https://discuss.zetetic.net/c/sqlcipher
Issues or support questions on using SQLCipher should be entered into the GitHub Issue tracker:
https://github.com/sqlcipher/sqlcipher/issues
Please DO NOT post issues, support questions, or other problems to blog posts about SQLCipher as we do not monitor them frequently.
If you are using SQLCipher in your own software please let us know at [email protected]!
Copyright (c) 2016, ZETETIC LLC All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of the ZETETIC LLC nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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