Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations among irritability, ADHD symptoms, and inhibitory control in the ABCD Study
GitHub repository to accompany the manuscript "Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relations Among Irritability, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, and Inhibitory Control" published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry1. This paper reflects pre-registered analyses2 using of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 4.0 release.3
This repository contains analysis code and lists of participants included in the analyses.
The primary research goal was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among irritability, ADHD symptoms, and inhibitory control at the baseline and 2-year follow-up time points of the ABCD Study dataset. The research plan - including planned variables, sample size, and analyses - was outlined in a pre-registration that was finalized before analyses were conducted.
All data for this study came from the baseline and 2-year follow-up time points from the ABCD Study 4.0 release, accessed on April 20, 2022. The dataset is accessible through protected access via https://nda.nih.gov/abcd/.
The study focused on the following data files (and data columns) from the ABCD Study:
-
abcd_cbcls01
: irritability (see details below), ADHD symptoms (cbcl_scr_dsm5_adhd_r
) -
abcd_tbss01
: inhibitory control (nihtbx_flanker_cs
) -
acspsw03
: age (interview_age
), sex (sex
), race/ethnicity (race_ethnicity
) -
abcd_lt01
: site (site_id_l
) -
pdem02
: combined parental income (demo_prnt_income_v2
anddemo_prtnr_income_v2
), highest parental income (max ofdemo_prnt_ed_v2
anddemo_prtnr_ed_v2
) -
ssphp
: pubertal status (pds_p_ss_female_category_2
andpds_p_ss_male_category_2
)
The irritability measure is a sum-score scale constructed from five items of the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). This irritability scale is drawn from a published paper (Cordova et al., 2022)4 which demonstrated high convergence between this measure and dimensional ADHD symptom measures.
-
Stubborn, sullen, or irritable (
cbcl_q86_p
) -
Temper tantrums or hot temper (
cbcl_q95_p
) -
Sudden changes in mood or feelings (
cbcl_q87_p
) -
Sulks a lot (
cbcl_q88_p
) -
Argues a lot (
cbcl_q03_p
)
Participants were excluded based on missing any of the following:
-
irritability score items from the CBCL
-
ADHD DSM 5 Scale raw score from the CBCL
-
computed score from the NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention task
-
age
-
sex
-
race/ethnicity
Participants were included in the final longitudinal analyses based on complete data at both the baseline and 2-year follow-up. This yielded a final total sample size of 7,444 participants, which were randomly assigned to either a "discovery" or "replication" subsample.
Lists of participants included in the main analyses can be found in discovery_sample.csv
and replication_sample.csv
. Participants also included in the sensitivity analysis (retaining only one sibling per family) can be found in discovery_sample_sensitivity.csv
and replication_sample_sensitivity.csv
.
The script clpm.R
performs a two-wave cross-lagged pannel model (CLPM) with maximum likelihood estimation using the lavaan R package (v0.6.9).5 This main analysis, done separately for the discovery and replication samples, examines the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among irritability, ADHD symptoms, and inhibitory control, measured at the baseline and 2-year follow-up time points.
Footnotes
-
McKay, C.C., De Jesus, A.V., Peterson, O., Leibenluft, E., Kircanski, K. (2024). Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relations Among Irritability, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, and Inhibitory Control. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.10.015 ↩
-
McKay, C.C., De Jesus, A.V., Peterson, O., Leibenluft, E., Kircanski, K. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations among irritability, ADHD symptoms, and inhibitory control in the ABCD study. osf.io/vzter. Published June 26, 2023. ↩
-
Volkow, N.D., Koob, G.F., Croyle, R.T., Bianchi, D.W., Gordon, J.A., Koroshetz, W.J., Pérez-Stable, E.J., Riley, W.T., Bloch, M.H., Conway, K., Deeds, B.G., Dowling, G.J., Grant, S., Howlett, K.D., Matochik, J.A., Morgan, G.D., Murray, M.M., Noronha, A., Spong, C.Y., Wargo, E.M., … Weiss, S.R.B. (2018). The conception of the ABCD study: From substance use to a broad NIH collaboration. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 4–7. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.002 ↩
-
Cordova, M.M., Antovich, D.M., Ryabinin, P., Neighbor, C., Mooney, M.A., Dieckmann, N.F., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Nagel, B.J., Fair, D.A., & Nigg, J.T. (2022). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Restricted Phenotypes Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Polygenic Risk Sensitivity in the ABCD Baseline Cohort. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 61(10), 1273–1284. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.030 ↩
-
Rosseel Y. (2012). lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02 ↩