[exporter/elasticsearch] Flesh out encoding log records with `mapping…

….mode: ecs` (#31694)

**Description:** <Describe what has changed.>

This PR is a follow up to
#31553.
In that PR, the foundations were laid for encoding log records with ECS
fields when the user specifies `mapping.mode: ecs` in their exporter
configuration.

This PR adds ECS conversions for several additional fields.

I expect there will be more followup PR(s) to add more conversions,
especially ones that might not be straightforward.

**Link to tracking issue:** #29742 

**Testing:** Added unit tests

**Documentation:** The `mapping.mode: ecs` configuration setting is
already
[documented](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/exporter/elasticsearchexporter#configuration-options).

---------

Co-authored-by: Andrzej Stencel <[email protected]>

.chloggen/exporter-elasticsarch-more-ecs-mode.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: enhancement
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: elasticsearchexporter
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: "Converts more SemConv fields in OTel events to ECS fields in Elasticsearch documents when `mapping.mode: ecs` is specified."
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [31694]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: [user]

exporter/elasticsearchexporter/README.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This exporter supports sending OpenTelemetry logs and traces to [Elasticsearch](
   - `mode` (default=none): The fields naming mode. valid modes are:
     - `none`: Use original fields and event structure from the OTLP event.
     - `ecs`: Try to map fields defined in the
-             [OpenTelemetry Semantic Conventions](https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions)
+             [OpenTelemetry Semantic Conventions](https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions) (version 1.22.0)
              to [Elastic Common Schema (ECS)](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/index.html). :warning: This mode's behavior is unstable, it is currently undergoing changes
     - `raw`: Omit the `Attributes.` string prefixed to field names for log and 
              span attributes as well as omit the `Events.` string prefixed to

exporter/elasticsearchexporter/logs_exporter_test.go

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func TestExporter_PushEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		server := newESTestServer(t, func(docs []itemRequest) ([]itemResponse, error) {
 			rec.Record(docs)
 
-			expected := `{"@timestamp":"1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000000Z","application":"myapp","attrKey1":"abc","attrKey2":"def","error":{"stack_trace":"no no no no"},"message":"hello world","service":{"name":"myservice"}}`
+			expected := `{"attrKey1":"abc","attrKey2":"def","application":"myapp","service":{"name":"myservice"},"error":{"stacktrace":"no no no no"},"agent":{"name":"otlp"},"@timestamp":"1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000000Z","message":"hello world"}`
 			actual := string(docs[0].Document)
 			assert.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 
@@ -187,14 +187,14 @@ func TestExporter_PushEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		mustSendLogsWithAttributes(t, exporter,
 			// record attrs
 			map[string]string{
-				"application":  "myapp",
-				"service.name": "myservice",
+				"application":          "myapp",
+				"service.name":         "myservice",
+				"exception.stacktrace": "no no no no",
 			},
 			// resource attrs
 			map[string]string{
-				"attrKey1":             "abc",
-				"attrKey2":             "def",
-				"exception.stacktrace": "no no no no",
+				"attrKey1": "abc",
+				"attrKey2": "def",
 			},
 			// record body
 			"hello world",

exporter/elasticsearchexporter/model.go

@@ -6,16 +6,49 @@ package elasticsearchexporter // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/plog"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/ptrace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/collector/semconv/v1.22.0"
 
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/elasticsearchexporter/internal/objmodel"
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/internal/coreinternal/traceutil"
 )
 
+// resourceAttrsConversionMap contains conversions for resource-level attributes
+// from their Semantic Conventions (SemConv) names to equivalent Elastic Common
+// Schema (ECS) names.
+// If the ECS field name is specified as an empty string (""), the converter will
+// neither convert the SemConv key to the equivalent ECS name nor pass-through the
+// SemConv key as-is to become the ECS name.
+var resourceAttrsConversionMap = map[string]string{
+	semconv.AttributeServiceInstanceID:      "service.node.name",
+	semconv.AttributeDeploymentEnvironment:  "service.environment",
+	semconv.AttributeTelemetrySDKName:       "",
+	semconv.AttributeTelemetrySDKLanguage:   "",
+	semconv.AttributeTelemetrySDKVersion:    "",
+	semconv.AttributeTelemetryDistroName:    "",
+	semconv.AttributeTelemetryDistroVersion: "",
+	semconv.AttributeCloudPlatform:          "cloud.service.name",
+	semconv.AttributeContainerImageTags:     "container.image.tag",
+	semconv.AttributeHostName:               "host.hostname",
+	semconv.AttributeHostArch:               "host.architecture",
+	semconv.AttributeProcessExecutablePath:  "process.executable",
+	semconv.AttributeProcessRuntimeName:     "service.runtime.name",
+	semconv.AttributeProcessRuntimeVersion:  "service.runtime.version",
+	semconv.AttributeOSName:                 "host.os.name",
+	semconv.AttributeOSType:                 "host.os.platform",
+	semconv.AttributeOSDescription:          "host.os.full",
+	semconv.AttributeOSVersion:              "host.os.version",
+	"k8s.namespace.name":                    "kubernetes.namespace",
+	"k8s.node.name":                         "kubernetes.node.name",
+	"k8s.pod.name":                          "kubernetes.pod.name",
+	"k8s.pod.uid":                           "kubernetes.pod.uid",
+}
+
 type mappingModel interface {
 	encodeLog(pcommon.Resource, plog.LogRecord, pcommon.InstrumentationScope) ([]byte, error)
 	encodeSpan(pcommon.Resource, ptrace.Span, pcommon.InstrumentationScope) ([]byte, error)
@@ -41,82 +74,86 @@ const (
 
 func (m *encodeModel) encodeLog(resource pcommon.Resource, record plog.LogRecord, scope pcommon.InstrumentationScope) ([]byte, error) {
 	var document objmodel.Document
-
 	switch m.mode {
 	case MappingECS:
-		if record.Timestamp() != 0 {
-			document.AddTimestamp("@timestamp", record.Timestamp())
-		} else {
-			document.AddTimestamp("@timestamp", record.ObservedTimestamp())
-		}
-
-		document.AddTraceID("trace.id", record.TraceID())
-		document.AddSpanID("span.id", record.SpanID())
-
-		if n := record.SeverityNumber(); n != plog.SeverityNumberUnspecified {
-			document.AddInt("event.severity", int64(record.SeverityNumber()))
-		}
-
-		document.AddString("log.level", record.SeverityText())
+		document = m.encodeLogECSMode(resource, record, scope)
+	default:
+		document = m.encodeLogDefaultMode(resource, record, scope)
+	}
 
-		if record.Body().Type() == pcommon.ValueTypeStr {
-			document.AddAttribute("message", record.Body())
-		}
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	err := document.Serialize(&buf, m.dedot)
+	return buf.Bytes(), err
+}
 
-		fieldMapper := func(k string) string {
-			switch k {
-			case "exception.type":
-				return "error.type"
-			case "exception.message":
-				return "error.message"
-			case "exception.stacktrace":
-				return "error.stack_trace"
-			default:
-				return k
-			}
-		}
+func (m *encodeModel) encodeLogDefaultMode(resource pcommon.Resource, record plog.LogRecord, scope pcommon.InstrumentationScope) objmodel.Document {
+	var document objmodel.Document
 
-		resource.Attributes().Range(func(k string, v pcommon.Value) bool {
-			k = fieldMapper(k)
-			document.AddAttribute(k, v)
-			return true
-		})
-		scope.Attributes().Range(func(k string, v pcommon.Value) bool {
-			k = fieldMapper(k)
-			document.AddAttribute(k, v)
-			return true
-		})
-		record.Attributes().Range(func(k string, v pcommon.Value) bool {
-			k = fieldMapper(k)
-			document.AddAttribute(k, v)
-			return true
-		})
-	default:
-		docTimeStamp := record.Timestamp()
-		if docTimeStamp.AsTime().UnixNano() == 0 {
-			docTimeStamp = record.ObservedTimestamp()
-		}
-		document.AddTimestamp("@timestamp", docTimeStamp) // We use @timestamp in order to ensure that we can index if the default data stream logs template is used.
-		document.AddTraceID("TraceId", record.TraceID())
-		document.AddSpanID("SpanId", record.SpanID())
-		document.AddInt("TraceFlags", int64(record.Flags()))
-		document.AddString("SeverityText", record.SeverityText())
-		document.AddInt("SeverityNumber", int64(record.SeverityNumber()))
-		document.AddAttribute("Body", record.Body())
-		m.encodeAttributes(&document, record.Attributes())
-		document.AddAttributes("Resource", resource.Attributes())
-		document.AddAttributes("Scope", scopeToAttributes(scope))
+	docTimeStamp := record.Timestamp()
+	if docTimeStamp.AsTime().UnixNano() == 0 {
+		docTimeStamp = record.ObservedTimestamp()
 	}
+	document.AddTimestamp("@timestamp", docTimeStamp) // We use @timestamp in order to ensure that we can index if the default data stream logs template is used.
+	document.AddTraceID("TraceId", record.TraceID())
+	document.AddSpanID("SpanId", record.SpanID())
+	document.AddInt("TraceFlags", int64(record.Flags()))
+	document.AddString("SeverityText", record.SeverityText())
+	document.AddInt("SeverityNumber", int64(record.SeverityNumber()))
+	document.AddAttribute("Body", record.Body())
+	m.encodeAttributes(&document, record.Attributes())
+	document.AddAttributes("Resource", resource.Attributes())
+	document.AddAttributes("Scope", scopeToAttributes(scope))
 
 	if m.dedup {
 		document.Dedup()
 	} else if m.dedot {
 		document.Sort()
 	}
 
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	err := document.Serialize(&buf, m.dedot)
-	return buf.Bytes(), err
+	return document
+
+}
+
+func (m *encodeModel) encodeLogECSMode(resource pcommon.Resource, record plog.LogRecord, scope pcommon.InstrumentationScope) objmodel.Document {
+	var document objmodel.Document
+
+	// First, try to map resource-level attributes to ECS fields.
+	encodeLogAttributesECSMode(&document, resource.Attributes(), resourceAttrsConversionMap)
+
+	// Then, try to map scope-level attributes to ECS fields.
+	scopeAttrsConversionMap := map[string]string{
+		// None at the moment
+	}
+	encodeLogAttributesECSMode(&document, scope.Attributes(), scopeAttrsConversionMap)
+
+	// Finally, try to map record-level attributes to ECS fields.
+	recordAttrsConversionMap := map[string]string{
+		"event.name":                         "event.action",
+		semconv.AttributeExceptionMessage:    "error.message",
+		semconv.AttributeExceptionStacktrace: "error.stacktrace",
+		semconv.AttributeExceptionType:       "error.type",
+		semconv.AttributeExceptionEscaped:    "event.error.exception.handled",
+	}
+	encodeLogAttributesECSMode(&document, record.Attributes(), recordAttrsConversionMap)
+
+	// Handle special cases.
+	encodeLogAgentNameECSMode(&document, resource)
+	encodeLogAgentVersionECSMode(&document, resource)
+	encodeLogHostOsTypeECSMode(&document, resource)
+	encodeLogTimestampECSMode(&document, record)
+	document.AddTraceID("trace.id", record.TraceID())
+	document.AddSpanID("span.id", record.SpanID())
+	if n := record.SeverityNumber(); n != plog.SeverityNumberUnspecified {
+		document.AddInt("event.severity", int64(record.SeverityNumber()))
+	}
+
+	document.AddString("log.level", record.SeverityText())
+
+	if record.Body().Type() == pcommon.ValueTypeStr {
+		document.AddAttribute("message", record.Body())
+	}
+
+	return document
 }
 
 func (m *encodeModel) encodeSpan(resource pcommon.Resource, span ptrace.Span, scope pcommon.InstrumentationScope) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -193,3 +230,117 @@ func scopeToAttributes(scope pcommon.InstrumentationScope) pcommon.Map {
 	}
 	return attrs
 }
+
+func encodeLogAttributesECSMode(document *objmodel.Document, attrs pcommon.Map, conversionMap map[string]string) {
+	if len(conversionMap) == 0 {
+		// No conversions to be done; add all attributes at top level of
+		// document.
+		document.AddAttributes("", attrs)
+		return
+	}
+
+	attrs.Range(func(k string, v pcommon.Value) bool {
+		// If ECS key is found for current k in conversion map, use it.
+		if ecsKey, exists := conversionMap[k]; exists {
+			if ecsKey == "" {
+				// Skip the conversion for this k.
+				return true
+			}
+
+			document.AddAttribute(ecsKey, v)
+			return true
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise, add key at top level with attribute name as-is.
+		document.AddAttribute(k, v)
+		return true
+	})
+}
+
+func encodeLogAgentNameECSMode(document *objmodel.Document, resource pcommon.Resource) {
+	// Parse out telemetry SDK name, language, and distro name from resource
+	// attributes, setting defaults as needed.
+	telemetrySdkName := "otlp"
+	var telemetrySdkLanguage, telemetryDistroName string
+
+	attrs := resource.Attributes()
+	if v, exists := attrs.Get(semconv.AttributeTelemetrySDKName); exists {
+		telemetrySdkName = v.Str()
+	}
+	if v, exists := attrs.Get(semconv.AttributeTelemetrySDKLanguage); exists {
+		telemetrySdkLanguage = v.Str()
+	}
+	if v, exists := attrs.Get(semconv.AttributeTelemetryDistroName); exists {
+		telemetryDistroName = v.Str()
+		if telemetrySdkLanguage == "" {
+			telemetrySdkLanguage = "unknown"
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Construct agent name from telemetry SDK name, language, and distro name.
+	agentName := telemetrySdkName
+	if telemetryDistroName != "" {
+		agentName = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", agentName, telemetrySdkLanguage, telemetryDistroName)
+	} else if telemetrySdkLanguage != "" {
+		agentName = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", agentName, telemetrySdkLanguage)
+	}
+
+	// Set agent name in document.
+	document.AddString("agent.name", agentName)
+}
+
+func encodeLogAgentVersionECSMode(document *objmodel.Document, resource pcommon.Resource) {
+	attrs := resource.Attributes()
+
+	if telemetryDistroVersion, exists := attrs.Get(semconv.AttributeTelemetryDistroVersion); exists {
+		document.AddString("agent.version", telemetryDistroVersion.Str())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if telemetrySdkVersion, exists := attrs.Get(semconv.AttributeTelemetrySDKVersion); exists {
+		document.AddString("agent.version", telemetrySdkVersion.Str())
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func encodeLogHostOsTypeECSMode(document *objmodel.Document, resource pcommon.Resource) {
+	// https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-os.html#field-os-type:
+	//
+	// "One of these following values should be used (lowercase): linux, macos, unix, windows.
+	// If the OS you’re dealing with is not in the list, the field should not be populated."
+
+	var ecsHostOsType string
+	if semConvOsType, exists := resource.Attributes().Get(semconv.AttributeOSType); exists {
+		switch semConvOsType.Str() {
+		case "windows", "linux":
+			ecsHostOsType = semConvOsType.Str()
+		case "darwin":
+			ecsHostOsType = "macos"
+		case "aix", "hpux", "solaris":
+			ecsHostOsType = "unix"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if semConvOsName, exists := resource.Attributes().Get(semconv.AttributeOSName); exists {
+		switch semConvOsName.Str() {
+		case "Android":
+			ecsHostOsType = "android"
+		case "iOS":
+			ecsHostOsType = "ios"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ecsHostOsType == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	document.AddString("host.os.type", ecsHostOsType)
+}
+
+func encodeLogTimestampECSMode(document *objmodel.Document, record plog.LogRecord) {
+	if record.Timestamp() != 0 {
+		document.AddTimestamp("@timestamp", record.Timestamp())
+		return
+	}
+
+	document.AddTimestamp("@timestamp", record.ObservedTimestamp())
+}