sdk/log: Package documentation (#5609)

Fixes #5065

Based on https://pkg.go.dev/go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric

---------

Co-authored-by: Tyler Yahn <[email protected]>

sdk/log/doc.go

@@ -1,9 +1,36 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-// TODO (#5065): Expand documentation stub.
-
 /*
 Package log provides the OpenTelemetry Logs SDK.
+
+See https://opentelemetry.io/docs/concepts/signals/logs/ for information
+about the concept of OpenTelemetry Logs and
+https://opentelemetry.io/docs/concepts/components/ for more information
+about OpenTelemetry SDKs.
+
+The entry point for the log package is [NewLoggerProvider].
+[LoggerProvider] is the object that all Bridge API calls use to create
+Loggers, and ultimately emit log records.
+Also, it is an object that should be used to
+control the life-cycle (start, flush, and shutdown) of the Logs SDK.
+
+A LoggerProvider needs to be configured to process the log records, this is
+done by configuring it with a [Processor] implementation using [WithProcessor].
+The log package provides the [BatchProcessor] and [SimpleProcessor]
+that are configured with an [Exporter] implementation which
+exports the log records to given destination. See
+[go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters] for exporters that can be used with these
+Processors.
+
+The data generated by a LoggerProvider needs to include information about its
+origin. A LoggerProvider needs to be configured with a Resource, by using
+[WithResource], to include this information. This Resource
+should be used to describe the unique runtime environment instrumented code
+is being run on. That way when multiple instances of the code are collected
+at a single endpoint their origin is decipherable.
+
+See [go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log] for more information about
+the OpenTelemetry Logs Bridge API.
 */
 package log // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"