*: update client-c to fix request pd leader timeout after any pd disconnected (release-8.1)

[Lloyd-Pottiger]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #9243

Problem Summary:

check tikv/client-c#187 for more details

What is changed and how it works?

update client-c to fix request pd leader timeout after any pd disconnected

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Fix the issue where queries may timeout due to network partition between TiFlash and any PD.
修复 TiFlash 与任意 PD 发生网络分区后，可能导致读请求超时报错的问题

[Lloyd-Pottiger]

/run-all-tests

[Lloyd-Pottiger]

/run-integration-test

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: JaySon-Huang, JinheLin

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [JaySon-Huang,JinheLin]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-07-31 07:55:17.433572631 +0000 UTC m=+342433.713620700: ☑️ agreed by JinheLin.
• 2024-07-31 10:45:32.633666286 +0000 UTC m=+352648.913714354: ☑️ agreed by JaySon-Huang.