ticdc(redo, sink): return correct error in redo writer & fix default retryer (#11747)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #11747

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #11744

What is changed and how it works?

This issue is introduced in #11011. If redo encoding worker closed since context canceld(ref the fix), the external module is not aware of the internal error anyway. Then the checkpoinTs/resolvedTs may continue to advance normally even if the redo writer has been closed.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

`Fix a bug where the redo module could not report errors correctly`.

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: CharlesCheung96

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[CharlesCheung96]

/retest

[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: The following test failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
jenkins-ticdc/verify	5aac693	link	true	/test verify

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